Comparing Women As Propriety In The Merchant Of Venice and The Taming O

Ladies As Propriety In Shakespeare's The Merchant Of Venice and The Taming Of the Shrew We may state that the predominant thoughts in many social orders are the thoughts of the prevailing sex, related and blended with those of predominant class. (Chedgzoy, pg.50) During the Elizabethan time men commanded society. Truly guys have consistently held more force then females in many societies. Albeit a couple of societies were Matriarchal social orders. However even in these societies ladies were not the predominant force but rather were esteemed as equivalent to men. The vast majority of the matriarchal social orders saw ladies as the encapsulation of the goddess. Ladies have never been the sole prevailing sex in a general public. The fall of the Matriarchal social orders happened for the most part from the association of Christianity. The Christian beliefs instructed that ladies were not proposed to have compelling jobs in the public arena. In the Elizabethan time ladies were in a powerless social position. What's more when Shakespeare expounds on ladies he incorporates th e mind boggling issues that socially encompass females. Shakespeare permits the crowd to watch gives that impact their own genuine society carried on in front of an audience. As of now the general public was unquestionably man centric, where ladies were seen as mediocre. Also ladies had next to zero control over yonder own lives. Fathers saw their girls as their appropriateness. Which left girls in a frail position. The force that ladies had was their own sexuality, virginity was valued and seen as a gem. When girls were hitched their spouses additionally esteemed them as appropriateness. Relationships were as yet masterminded, as they had been in the Middle Ages, to assist the interests of land-claiming families. On marriage all the young lady's legitimate rights ceas... ...ters he made in his plays. He additionally created female characters who were clearly insightful, dynamic, and solid willed. Consequently making sensational plots that ascent to the surface cultural generalizations and standards. As in present day society theater and the media take into account individuals to communicate issues of worry in a none compromising way. Shakespeare's dynamic plays have impacted writing internationally for many years. WORK CITED: Kaston,David Scott. A Companion To Shakespeare, Blackwell Publishers Massachusetts. 1999. Chedgzoy,Kate. Shakespeare, Feminism and Gender, New York, Palgrave 2001 Dusinberre,Juliet. Shakespeare and The Nature Of Women, New York, Barnes and Noble Books. 1975. Pit, Angela Women in The Comedies and Last Plays, New York, Barnes and Noble Books 1981. Bamber, Linda Comic Women, Tragic Men, California, Stanford University Press 1982.

Judy's Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Judy's Marketing plan - Essay Example Beside this, the significant air terminal close by is likewise a decent open door for an extra customer base. 2. There are two things that Judy needs to consider in entering the pet preparing and boarding business inside her zone. The first is the expansion of in-house pet sitting in her administration. Since Judy has an involvement with this sort of occupation, she is able to take care of the requirements of her imminent customers' pets at the solace of their homes. As indicated by Rod Scofield and Russ Mclean, pet sitting has numerous advantages that are fitted for Judy's market. Beside limiting the danger of presenting their pets to injuries and potential ailments, the nearness of pet sitters inside the homes of their customers even adds to wrongdoing prevention in the network. Pets are given customized and thorough consideration that is missing on the off chance that they are to be prepped outside of their recognizable regions. It would likewise give true serenity to the customers, realizing that their pet and even their homes are more secure due to the pet sitter present in their homes. Another focusing on methodology that she ought to do is to advance her administrations by means of the web. Since her market are web educated and specialists, she brings to the table her administration to them through the most recognizable showcasing scene they know-the Internet.

Essay Sample on Reconstruction Policy and the South after the Civil War

Article Sample on Reconstruction Policy and the South after the Civil War After the common war, the crucial errand of the Central Government was to embrace a legitimate strategy of reproduction and re-association with the end goal of fortifying the American Federation. Be that as it may, because of different reasons, the undertaking was an intricate one. The dismal death of President Lincoln made it sufficiently certain that the enthusiasts were firmly contradicted to a dynamic approach. He, without a doubt, had abhorred bondage and wanted its annulment. Be that as it may, he really battled for Union and not for the liberation of the slaves all things considered. His basic role was to ensure and protect the solidarity of the Federation by impeding the breaking down mentality of the South. Along these lines, after the finish of the common war, the Primary Task of the new President, Andrew Johnson, was to complete a liberal assuagement as upheld by his ancestor. Yet, the triumphant North, aware of its own misfortune because of the war, was in no way, shape or form mollifying in its disposition towards the South. In any event at first, the conditions of the North were supportive of embracing an approach of counter (L. Mukherjee). Thus, harsh fights broke out between the President and Congress which was commanded by the Republicans. Indeed, the gathering arrangement of America was, during this time, nearly confined and the Republican Party had no solid base in the south. This is likewise an explanation behind which it didn't, at first, take a lot of care for the interests of the South. The Reconstruction Act of 1867-68 given that the Southern states ought to be treated as the vanquished areas to be managed by the military Governors and were to be readmitted to the Federation after they sanctioned the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. As a portion of the states retained such endorsement, the Congress continued to expose the South to Negro-rule under military security. Normally, the Negroes exploited this arrangement and the rule of ‘Black Terror’ appeared. Be that as it may, step by step, an essential change introduced fundamentally because of political and protected measures. Strategically, the Southern states came to understand that the Federation was indestructible and any such endeavor to break it would clearly end futile. The Federation was ensured and it was educated to all that the units of and no one, anyway relentless and incredible, reserved the privilege to split it up. The common war additionally settled the way that the Center, however ruled by the Northern states, was, for guaranteeing Federal solidarity qualified for embrace exacting military measures. Such acknowledgment gradually imbued in the South the possibility of national solidarity and solidarity. Correspondingly, the Northern states corrected their previous stand and acknowledged the Southern states as the fundamental piece of the Federation. Along these lines the South were brought again into the Union and the renegades were instructed to be steadfast residents. Obviously, the gathering framework likewise helped much in the development of such solidarity. Continuously the Republican Party extended its associations in the South and the, inevitably, it also went about as a bringing together power. Naturally, as well, the procedure was towards unification. As O.P Goyal watches, â€Å"The thirteenth (1865), fourteenth (1868) and fifteenth (1870) revisions became out of the common war† (Goyal). The thirteenth amendment annulled subjugation which so since quite a while ago showed up as a bone of substance between the South and the North. The fourteenth amendment characterized citizenship and disallowed states to deny people of life, freedom and property â€Å"without fair treatment of law†. The abolishment of the establishment of subjugation has achieved the liberation of billions of individuals who had for such a long time compelled to stay as the losses of current human progress. The Negroes, who had endured much because of racial disdain, were currently positioned in force and position. Along these lines the individuals of the North and South were acquired a condition of fairness. The fifteenth amendment disallowed the Governments, both focal and common, from abbr eviating the option to cast a ballot as a result of race, shading, living arrangement or different past states of subjugation. In this way the idea of balance and freedom was maintained through the constitution and, normally, by far most of the Southern individuals who so since quite a while ago supported resentment against the middle, got faithful and agreeable. The republic was, be that as it may, reinforced by the common war. America rose out of it with another soul, expectation and power. It presently received a strong strategy †France had to pull back its military from Mexico and Britain was convinced to make up for the American misfortune in the Alabama issue. This political factor had its effect on the financial side as well. The Center, despite everything ruled by the North, indicated a reasonable sense in this issue. The Government embraced an arrangement which energized quick industrialization and this plan to a great extent helped the South to continue towards thriving. As expressed before, the slave-subordinate society of the South presently turned out to be substantially more normal in their methodology and focused on the arrangement of sane industrialization. Because of the abrogation of the slave-framework, and the new soul of industrialization, they separated the huge domains and put resources into the industrialization procedure. Subsequently an economy of cotton-development offered path to the modern upset. They presently made their own products and the spread of railroads extended their business sectors and furthermore joined them with the North. In the spot of localism, another sentiment of solidarity and network of interests grew up. Along these lines the North and the South joined and framed a solid Federation. Fast industrialization not just improved the expectation for everyday comforts of the South, yet in addition guaranteed a provincial equalization in the economy. This is an example History exposition composed without any preparation by one of our scholarly authors. In the event that you need to arrange a custom article, research paper, look into paper, postulation/exposition or other composed task on any point contact our organization to get proficient scholastic composing help.

Immersive in Multimedia Free Essays

Vivid MULTIMEDIA Introduction to Immersive Multimedia The historical backdrop of Immersive Multimedia started with the idea of Virtual Reality. In the late 1960s, the craving of PC researchers and craftsmen was to make, carefully made ‘near-to-reality’ encounters through Interactive Multimedia. This got known as Virtual Reality. We will compose a custom article test on Vivid in Multimedia or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Augmented Reality, today, is a PC made condition that a client can understanding through the faculties of sight, hearing and contact. Vivid Multimedia is a blend of mixed media components and intelligence in Virtual Reality. Vivid allude to omputer created recreation of reality with physical, spatial and visual measurement. This intelligent innovation is utilized by architechs, science and designing exploration and human expressions, diversion, and computer games industry. Augmented Reality framework can mimic everythings from stroll through of a structure before development to reenactments of airplane flight and three measurement PC games. Vivid advances and augmented reality are amazing and convincing PC application by which people can associate and interface with PC created condition in a manner that imics genuine sense commitment. As 3D and vivid innovation turns out to be increasingly coordinated and accessible for a wide scope of use. It require very much structured UIs and inv entive substance for the up and coming age of PC games and coordinated innovation like cell phones dispersed web frameworks and work area application. Case Of Immersive Multimedia Education Business Entertainment IMMERSIVE MUTIMEDIA IN ENTERTAINMENT Example Of Immersive Multimedia in Entertainment Virtual Football Virtual Gliders Aircraft Virtual Games Counter Strike Virtual Games Equation 1 Virtual Games Adventure Kayak Games Virtual Truck Games VR has a great deal of positive advantages. It offers impaired individuals the chance to participate in exercises not normally accessible to them. In virtual universes, individuals in wheelchairs, for instance, can have an opportunity of development that they don't have in reality. Right now not many individuals can bear to purchase a VR framework. In any case, as the innovation propels, lightweight protective caps and all the more impressive PCs will take VR into conventional homes. Computer generated reality has significant uses in a wide range of engineering and mechanical structure. PC Aided Design, or CAD, has been a significant structure instrument since the mid 1970s, since it permits the client to draw three-dimensional pictures on a PC screen. Be that as it may, except if you have a VR head protector and glove to extend the pictures on to, you won't be inundated in your virtual world. 3D Viewing 3D seeing empower clients to see the screen in 3D structure and genuine. This Make the media progressively Attractive to clients. For instance a clients will felt the film like occur on this encompassing on the off chance that he see on a 3D screen. Augmented reality created out of the specialized network, rom a dream of what was in fact conceivable and from the necessities of certain in fact requesting applications. Obviously, a portion of the makers had dreams of utilizations a long ways past the requirements of their financing sources, yet for the most part the network has investigated augmented reality as a human-PC interface innovation. REFERENCE ?http://librar y. thinkquest. organization/26890/virtualrealityt. htm ?http://liquidnarrative. csc. ncsu. edu/classes/csc582/papers/vrae. pdf ?http://pictures. google. com. my/pictures? hl=ensource=hpq=virtual+realitybtnG=Search+Imagesgbv =2aq=2oq=VIRTUAL Step by step instructions to refer to Immersive in Multimedia, Papers

Coping With Ostraconophobia or the Fear of Shellfish

Coping With Ostraconophobia or the Fear of Shellfish Phobias Types Print Coping With Ostraconophobia The Fear of Shellfish By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 12, 2019 Ippei Naoi / Moment / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Ostraconophobia, or the fear of shellfish, is fairly common. For most people, this simply means a few minor dietary restrictions. In some cases, though, it can become life-limiting. Causes Shellfish phobias can generally, though not always, be broken down into a few common themes. Some people are deeply afraid of food poisoning, others of breaking religious dietary restrictions. In some cases, the fear is of the texture or taste rather than the food itself. People who are allergic to shellfish often exhibit strong fears when confronted with foods that may contain shellfish, but as these fears are tied to a physical condition, they are not considered phobias. However, some people are afraid of developing an allergic reaction to shellfish, even if they have never previously had such an allergy. Food Poisoning Shellfish poisoning is a real, though relatively rare, threat. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), there are three main types of shellfish poisoning: paralytic, neurotoxic, and amnestic. Although the prognosis is generally good, all three types can cause severe illness. The toxins are heat-stable, so cooking does not remove the threat. If you have ever experienced shellfish poisoning, you may be understandably reluctant to risk eating shellfish again. Even if the poisoning happened to someone else, you may be afraid that next time it will happen to you. However, it is easy to take healthy concerns too far. According to the NIH, there is some truth to the old wives tale that shellfish should not be consumed in months whose names do not contain an R. The toxins that cause poisoning are more active during the months of May through August, as well as during and just after a red tide. The NIH also states that these toxins occur mainly in clams, mussels, and oysters, and less frequently in scallops. Other shellfish carry a much lower risk. Of course, the elderly, children and those with preexisting medical conditions should speak with their physician before consuming any possibly risky food. Religious Restrictions Some religions restrict or prohibit the consumption of certain foods. In particular, Jewish and some interpretations of Islamic dietary laws forbid the eating of shellfish. For those who practice these religions, an aversion to forbidden foods is not considered a disorder. As illustrated above, though, a problem can occur in those who were raised in strictly religious environments but no longer practice that religion. Like religion-based phobias, food-related phobias can arise when formerly religious people attempt to eat or cook in secular restaurants or homes. Many people easily make the transition, but if you are having trouble, consider seeking assistance from a mental health professional or a spiritual advisor in your new religion of choice. Shellfish Allergies According to our Guide to Food Allergies, shellfish allergy is the most common food allergy in adults in the United States. Unlike most allergies, an allergy to shellfish usually develops in adulthood and remains throughout the sufferers life. Shellfish products are used in a mind-boggling array of applications, and allergic reactions can be severe and even life-threatening. Therefore, constant vigilance is medically necessary. Like concerns about shellfish poisoning, though, it is easy to take concerns about shellfish allergies too far. If you have an allergy, discuss your condition carefully with your doctor. Learn which foods to avoid and which ones to question, and decide together whether you should carry an Epi-Pen. If you have a pen, be sure you know how to use it and carry it with you at all times. Texture and Taste Issues Fear and disgust are often confused. In some types of phobias, including food phobias, some sufferers demonstrate repulsion rather than an actual fear reaction. Vegetarians and vegans, as well as those who were raised with restricted diets, may be more prone to disgusted reactions to certain tastes or textures. How to Cope In many cases, shellfish phobias have little effect on daily life. It is entirely possible to enjoy a healthy, varied diet without ever consuming a bite of shellfish. However, this phobia can become life-limiting. Whether you are training to become a chef, cooking at a local take-out place, or simply interested in broadening your culinary horizons, it may be worthwhile to overcome your fears. Milder cases of shellfish phobia can often be overcome simply through progressive exposure. Try bites of shellfish off a loved ones plate or pick up a shrimp or two when filling your plate at a buffet. Allow yourself plenty of time to adapt and overcome any taste or texture issues. If your shellfish phobia is more severe, or if your work or hobbies require you to quickly beat the phobia, consider seeking professional assistance. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can often make a significant difference in a very short period of time.

A Wharton-Lauder Student Chats About Management Leaders of Tomorrow and the Value of Time

Learn how real students navigate their way through the business school admissions process and b-school itself with our What is Business School Really Like? Series. Meet Sergio, a student at the Wharton-Lauder joint degree program in international management. Thank you Sergio for sharing your story with us! What made you decide to go to business school? Was this a second career for you? Sergio: Easy answer! I was working as an auditor at Deloitte, but I never saw myself as an accountant. I, like most MBAs, was a high performer; however, I could not help but imagine that I could be even more successful in a career that was more aligned with my strengths and interests. I have always been interested in real estate. Growing up in Houston, TX, I witnessed firsthand how economic development can be driven by well thought-out real estate developments. Fortunately, I now find myself pursuing an MBA from an institution that is not only known for finance, but also has a strong reputation in real estate. How did you decide which programs to apply to? Were you willing to relocate to attend school? Sergio: I was fortunate enough to be a part of MLT, Management Leadership for Tomorrow, MBA Prep Program, which helped me navigate the application process including deciding which programs I would ultimately apply to. As a part of this process, we had to carefully prioritize what we were looking for in a program. For me, I wanted a program with a strong reputation, extensive alumni network, and geographically located outside the great state of Texas. I lived in Texas all my life and really wanted to take advantage of the MBA experience to live somewhere else. Wharton met these criteria, and through the Lauder Institute I was able to even further diversify by geographic experience. What is the MLT MBA Prep Program? Who is eligible to participate and what resources are provided to fellows? Sergio: The MLT or Management Leadership for Tomorrow is an organization dedicated to empowering underrepresented minorities by transforming their career trajectories. MLT’s MBA Prep Program provides African American, Latino, and Native American professionals with personalized guidance and tools to successfully navigate the business school application process. The tools and resources provided include one-on-one coaching, GMAT assistance, access to top MBA program admissions offices, and an extensive network of peers within the MLT community. Why Wharton Lauder? How will the programs international focus enhance your career? Sergio: The Lauder/Wharton program preaches the importance of preparing its leaders to be globally fluent, which is in part one of the reasons why I wanted to apply. For me, Lauder hit my heart strings. As a Venezuelan-American, I have always struggled with the idea of retaining my Latin American culture. I believed that in order to do so I would not only need to learn more about the region, but also prepare myself for a career focused in Latin America. Lauder provided all the tools necessary for me to accomplish my personal and professional goals. That being said, what drew me to Lauder was the program’s focus on family and building incredibly strong bonds with like-minded global individuals. The concept of â€Å"Lauder Love† really drives the culture on campus and makes you feel like you have a family to rely on while you navigate through the greater Wharton community. What is unique about Wharton Lauder? What degree are you working towards in addition to the MBA? Sergio: The Lauder Institute in conjunction with the Wharton School of Business prepares its students for the increasingly specialized and global workforce by providing an academic environment where they can achieve linguistic, cultural, and political fluency. Students enrolled in the program will receive a master’s in international studies with a concentration in a specific region of the world. The list of regions of concentration is extensive, including Europe, Latin America, Global, Asia, Africa, and South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa (SAMENA). Within these regions, students will also focus on developing language fluency and intercultural competencies relevant to their program concentration. Did you participate in a team-based discussion as part of your interview process? What was that like? Sergio: The team-based discussion is the interview method that Wharton’s admissions office uses to assess prospective student’s ability to work in a group and come up with a solution. Once an interview invitation is extended, an applicant is provided a prompt challenging the applicant to come up with an idea to pitch. During the TBD, the applicants (typically six) will have 30 minutes to pitch their ideas, decide on one, and then present to the observers. I loved my experience during the TBD. Although everyone will attempt to be their best selves, it’s amazing how real people get when the stakes are high. I was lucky to have a great team during my team-based discussion, but I have definitely heard horror stories. These stories should not scare prospective students. Part of working in a team is dealing with difficult people. Be yourself, be self-aware, and manage any conflict that may arise calmly and respectfully. What are intercultural venture trips? Have you participated in one? What was your experience? Sergio: The Lauder Intercultural Ventures (LIV) are mini-immersive trips during spring-break or winter-break that take students to different countries to study a specific theme relevant to that country. For example, this year I participated in the Mongolia LIV focused on social impact of a changing environment. I had the opportunity to meet with political leaders, cultural experts, and representatives from state-owned and privately-owned mining companies to better understand how Mongolia has transitioned politically, culturally, and economically after 70 years of communism. Furthermore, we focused on the impact that environment changes related to the country’s mining practices has had on the country’s pastoral nomads. This was one of my favorite experiences this year and I am struggling to decide which LIV I want to participate in next year. I am stuck between â€Å"country in transition† – Cuba and â€Å"learning from Easter Island’s collapse â₠¬â€œ Rapa Nui. Do Lauder students take the same MBA courses as other Wharton students? Sergio: Yes. The program is a joint degree, so while there are courses that are available only to Lauder students, such as the language and international politics course, the majority of a student’s credit requirements are fulfilled through Wharton. In other words, Lauder Students are MBA students at Wharton who take additional courses related to international politics, culture, and language to prepare themselves for global careers. Sounds like a lot of juggling! How do you make time to pursue two degrees at once? Sergio: It is a lot of juggling indeed! To be honest – there are two messages I try to convey to prospective students who ask me this question: (1) Lauder will undoubtedly limit your ability to participate in everything that Wharton has to offer, and it is really important when organizing one’s academic plan to take the additional course work seriously. However, (2) understanding that trade-offs are not unique to Lauder students is very important; it is impossible for any Wharton student to take advantage of everything on campus, so the extra demand related to the Lauder experience is a blessing in disguise. Students are forced to be way more intentional in planning their academic and student life involvement in order to manage the extra academic workload. Once business school began, what surprised you most about the experience? Sergio: Pace, pace, pace!!! This experience is non-stop. I think most students get really excited about being a student again, so once school begins they sign up for literally anything that hits their inbox. The resulting outcome of this type of life planning is a Google calendar that is multi-colored, over-committed, and daunting. However, this is a good problem to have. Although I find myself busier than I have ever been, I am having a blast juggling the academic, social, and career demands. It is hard to explain, but what I think surprised me the most about the MBA experience is that you really learn the value of your time. My goal for next year is to really hone in on certain areas of involvement that are important to me; I do not think I would have been able to identify these opportunities if I did not overextend myself in my first year. What do you think your classmates would be surprised to know about you? Sergio: I guess I have a reputation on campus as being extremely extroverted, which I am. I have involved myself in many public facing roles: Cluster Council, Student Life Fellow, and the Chief Financial Officer of the Wharton Graduate Association (I had to do the quick plug). What is funny is that I really do enjoy the occasional moment to myself. If any of my classmates are up around 9am on a Sunday (highly unlikely), they would likely run into me strolling around Rittenhouse by myself listening to music before the 10am mass at St. Patrick’s. Sunday mornings for me are precious and it is about the only time throughout the week where I can unplug. What does recruitment look like on campus? Does the recruitment experience match your expectations? Sergio: Recruitment on campus is split into two categories: mature and enterprise recruiting. Mature recruiting refers to a recruiting process that is very structured: recruiters come on campus, schedule coffee chat slots, and set dates for interview invitations and offer deadlines. The enterprise recruiting route is considerably more ambiguous. Students have to be entrepreneurial in order to seek out a summer internship; think cold calls, emails, random flights to meet people for coffee. For enterprise recruiting, Wharton gives you the value of the brand name, but it is the student’s responsibility to leverage it. I think Wharton’s career management professionals are second to none and they have been incredibly useful in helping students navigate both the mature and enterprise recruiting processes. What advice do you have for students beginning their MBA journey? Sergio: Be intentional. The main indicator of a strong applicant is whether they know why they need an MBA and why they want to go to a particular program. The MBA process is very long, but if you can practice being intentional throughout the application process you will be better prepared to face the trade-off situations that you will encounter once on campus. Your most valuable resource at business school is time and knowing where to allocate your time, and why. This is the best way to maximize your business school experience†¦It is hard for me not to smirk a bit while saying this because not only is this advice super valuable, it is also given every year and ultimately ignored ☠¹. My last piece of advice is to be selfless. You are going to be surrounded by students who are maximizers and want to dedicate these two years to themselves; however, I challenge this way of thinking for two reasons: (1) there are a lot of people, specifically faculty and administration, that invest a considerable amount of time to ensuring that your student experience is incredible. It is a really hard job and listening to constant complaints by students makes it harder. Be conscious of the problems, then be part of the solution. (2) Community is the most important theme that you will hear on campus, and for good reason. Schools like Wharton are dedicated to preparing leaders to build communities, both professionally and personally, that are diverse and inclusive. It is literally impossible to learn these vital leadership skills without being involved in your school’s community and being self-aware of your own biases. Do you have questions for Sergio? Questions for us? Do you want to be featured in our next What is Business School Really Like? post? Know someone else who you’d love to see featured? Are there questions you’d like us to ask our students in this series? LET US KNOW! You can learn more about Sergio by connecting with him on LinkedIn. Are you setting out on your own b-school journey? We can help you reach the finish line! Check out our MBA Admissions Consulting Services to team up with an admissions expert who will help you join the ranks of thousands of Accepted clients who get accepted to their dream schools. For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Leadership in Admissions, a free guide †¢ Wharton Lauder: An MBA/MA that Prepares You for Global Business, a podcast episode †¢ Wharton MBA Essay Tips and Deadlines

Coffee, Tea And Chocolate In The Renaissance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1925 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Renaissance Essay Did you like this example? Today Europe is a hub of coffee, tea, and chocolate culture and production. Thus, many believe that coffee, tea, and chocolate has been in Europe since or before the Renaissance and that the popularity of these caffeinated commodities aided in the surge of great minds within the Italian Renaissance. However, is that really true, while working from 1300 to 1600 A.D? The aim, then of this general survey will be to find if there is a correlation between tea, coffee, and chocolate with the coming of the Renaissance The direct origin of coffee is fraught with legend and speculation but it is important in the story of how coffee ended up a global commodity.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Coffee, Tea And Chocolate In The Renaissance" essay for you Create order Abu al-Tayyib al-Ghazzi of the Arab tradition tells one of the oldest origins of coffee during the reign of Solomon. The story goes that Solomon was said to have come in his travels to a town whose inhabitants were afflicted with some unspecified disease. On the command of the angel Gabriel, he roasted coffee beans from the Yemen, from which he brewed the drink, which when given to the sufferers, cured them of their illness. It is then latter alluded that the origins of coffee were then immediately forgotten until the 16th century. Other tales involve outcasted priest doctors who forage on the beans to survive or a shepherd who noticed the vigor of his sheep and decides to try the odd fruit they had recently eaten. Regardless of the factual correctness that the myths no doubtingly lack, it is clear that coffee has an Arabic origin and was probably first cultivated in modern-day Yemen and Ethiopia. There is also strong evidence that coffee has a distinct connection to the Sufi Mystic Religion, prominent west of the Red Sea. The Sufi religion had relatively unique ceremonies that may have lead to their adaptation of coffee as a means of staying awake longer. The Sufi religion was and still stands as Islamic in base. It holds firm roots in not only Islam but philosophy, music, medicine, and most importantly alchemy. Alchemy was not just around to turn rocks into gold it was used by the Sufi sect to try and understand the spiritual quest for the transmutation of the human soul. Coffee was then first adopted, in the late 15th century, as a drinking substance by this sect, not only to help stay awake during lengthy night rituals but because the process of roasting these beans demonstrated their faith in alchemy. Coffee then became not only a physical substance but a religious affair. From here coffee quickly began to spread. From the mountains of Yemen, coffee went to Mecca, no doubt due to its religious influence. From there, coffee spread throughout the entire Islamic world even entering into Cairo within the 15th century. It would be easy to assume coffee made its way across the Mediterranean similar to the hop over the Red Sea into Mecca. Surly, coffee had the ability to directly influence Europe with its invigorating properties, now that it could flow out of the ports of Cairo and straight to Venice. However, there is a different story. Coffee probably did make its way back in small private collections but there was yet to be an international trade of co ffee like we see today. The issue of immediate trade was a religious one. Its common knowledge that Islam and Catholicism did not fare well together. Coffee was until the turn of the 16th century in Europe confined to the avant-garde, such as the students, faculty, and visitors at the University of Padua. Coffee was under attack during the reign of Pope Clement VIII as it was just recently brought into the realm by Venetian merchants. The claim was that the black substance was of the infidel and thus of the devil. Many urged its ban immediately, but Pope Clement VIII decided upon tasting the drink decided, itrs flavor and effect were so delightful that he declared it would be a shameful waste to leave it to the heathen. It was then in the year 1600 that coffee had made its official debut in Europe just after the accepted end date of the Renaissance being 1300 1600 A.D. Down with the idea of Renaissance Coffee; it simply did not exist in Europe with a large enough quantity to make a plausible impact. But what of the caffeinated bean known as chocolate? Many know its origins began in the new world alongside the Aztec Empire. It is even more commonly know that the new world was discovered in 1492 when Columbus sailed the ocean blue. Although 1492 is nearly 200 years old it seems it is a better contender than coffee. The origins of chocolate are then needed to understand its effects and circulation within society. Chocolate goes by another name still used today; coco is the current word but cacao can be traced as the roots and even more excitingly the word kakawa can be linked and traced to the word as late as 1000 B.C. This recent discovery is is thanks to the linkage of the word Cacao dating back to the native roots of the Mixe-Zoquean language group but most importantly to the Olmec Civilization. It was in the Olmec site of San Lorenzo that linguists could place the earliest record of the word, kakawa, within the Olmec period inferring that these people are the first to ever cultivate the cocoa bean. From here the story of chocolate in the Americas follows the path of most commodities. Chocolate is traded and the Mayans soon begin cultivating the Cacao plant. The Mayans while in the height of their power traded cocoa with the Toltecs in the 9th century and soon the drink was widespread and was even regarded as a form of currency amongst the Mayan dominion and later the Aztecs in the 12th ce ntury. Then the conquistadors arrived late on the onset of the 16th century and find the drink and product within their New-Spain. The diffusion of chocolate culture from Latin America to Europe is important. Not only because the old world had no cocoa plant to cultivate but because the old world was fiercely in competition with itself. Similarly to Islam and Catholicism, trade and secrets ran deep, especially between Portugal and Spain. This minute detail is actually the reason why coffee had a delayed and profound start through Europe. Christopher Columbus did indeed make the first contact with natives and from there the first shipment of cocoa reached Seville Spain in 1585. However, the important note here is that chocolate did not flourish throughout Europe instantly and with a great deal of certainty, due to Charles the V, chocolate remained almost completely isolated within Spain. Unfortunately for the hypothesis of chocolate aiding the renaissance during most of the 16th century, chocolate and the stimulating effects of its caffeine it holds remained a cherished Spanish secret. It was not until 1606 that Italy became the second country to enjoy chocolate that all of Europe began to enjoy its benefits. Thus, just like coffee, chocolate comes just too late to have aided in the plethora of thought throughout the Italian Renaissance. Next there is tea. Did tea have any correlation to the coming of the Italian Renaissance? Well, to start the origins of tea is in Southeast Asia, specifically China. No one is exactly sure when the Chinese started using plant leaves for beverage purposes. However, in Chinese legends they date the origin of tea back to 2737 B.C. under the reign of Emperor Shen Nung the Divine Healer. In reality, the first reliable mention of tea comes in the 317 A.D. by a general of the Chin dynasty, writing to his nephew Liu Yen, the governor of Yenchow in the province of Shantung, that he felt aged and depressed and wanted some real tu [tea]. Then in 350 A.D. the Chinese scholar Kuo Po gives the first definition of tea in his work, the Erh Ya. In Erh Ya, under the name of kia or ku tu the definition is a beverage is made from the leaves by boiling. For a long time tea was used solely as a medical beverage, eventually in the late sixth century A.D. the Chinese started to use tea as a regular drink. T ea became a very popular beverage to the Chinese for both medical and recreational purposes, to the point that tea leaves were an average trading item and people were developing different methods of preparing tea. Through trade, tea spread to the rest of the provinces in China, to Japan, and to India. According to William Uker in All About Tea, the knowledge of tea was probably introduced into the Island Empire along with Chinese Civilization, the fine arts, and Buddhism, about A.D. 593, in the reign of Prince Shotoku. Later on tea cultivation was introduced to Japan, which the Japanese ran with and began their own styles of cultivation and preparation. Japan is very important to how tea reached Europe. Tea was first mentioned in Europe during the mid 16th century, by a few merchants and multiple Jesuits on missions in Japan. In 1546, the merchant Jorge Alvares in a report writes about how the both Japanese nobles and ordinary people drank hot water mixed with herbs, which is the first European reference to tea. Tea continued to be referred to as hot water by the European merchants and the Jesuit missionaries in their reports and letters back to Europe. It is through Japan that tea is introduced into Europe. Dutch traders were the first to bring tea, mostly green teas, into Europe in the year 1610. With the first introduction of tea into Europe being after the end of the Renaissance period, it is therefore absurd for tea to have any correlation with the coming of the Renaissance. Nor did tea have any major influence during the Renaissance. Rather tea was popular after the end of the Renaissance and by the Enlightenment period, tea was one of the most sought after drinks, especially in England. In conclusion, coffee, chocolate, and tea does not yield a correlation with the Italian Renaissance. Although, all beverages were in existence before the Italian Renaissance, they were not in Europe until right at the end or after the end of the Renaissance. Anyone who says coffee, chocolate, or tea was a key feature of the Renaissance is mistaken and all they need to do is a little bit of research into the subject. Bibliography Coe, Sophie D., and Michael D. Coe. The True History of Chocolate. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2013. Hattox, Ralph S. Coffee and Coffeehouses: The Origins of a Social Beverage in the Medieval Near East. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 2002. Preedy, Victor R. Caffeine: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. Stella, Alain. The Little Book of Coffee. Paris: Flammarion, 2001. Ukers, William H. All About Tea. Vol. 1. 2 vols. New York: Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company, 1935. https://archive.org/details/AllAboutTeaV1/page/n0. Varley, Paul and Isao, Kumakura. (1989). Tea in Japan. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. Wild, Antony. Coffee: A Dark History. New York: Norton, 2005.  Secondary Bibliography Grivetti, Louis, and Howard-Yana Shapiro. Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009. Lach, Donald F. Asia in the Making of Europe. Vol 1. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1965. Massey, John L. Coffee: Production, Consumption and Health Benefits. New York: Nova Publishers, 2016. Weinberg, Bennett Alan., and Bonnie K. Bealer. The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the Worlds Most Popular Drug. New York: Routledge, 2001.