Comparing Women As Propriety In The Merchant Of Venice and The Taming O

Ladies As Propriety In Shakespeare's The Merchant Of Venice and The Taming Of the Shrew We may state that the predominant thoughts in many social orders are the thoughts of the prevailing sex, related and blended with those of predominant class. (Chedgzoy, pg.50) During the Elizabethan time men commanded society. Truly guys have consistently held more force then females in many societies. Albeit a couple of societies were Matriarchal social orders. However even in these societies ladies were not the predominant force but rather were esteemed as equivalent to men. The vast majority of the matriarchal social orders saw ladies as the encapsulation of the goddess. Ladies have never been the sole prevailing sex in a general public. The fall of the Matriarchal social orders happened for the most part from the association of Christianity. The Christian beliefs instructed that ladies were not proposed to have compelling jobs in the public arena. In the Elizabethan time ladies were in a powerless social position. What's more when Shakespeare expounds on ladies he incorporates th e mind boggling issues that socially encompass females. Shakespeare permits the crowd to watch gives that impact their own genuine society carried on in front of an audience. As of now the general public was unquestionably man centric, where ladies were seen as mediocre. Also ladies had next to zero control over yonder own lives. Fathers saw their girls as their appropriateness. Which left girls in a frail position. The force that ladies had was their own sexuality, virginity was valued and seen as a gem. When girls were hitched their spouses additionally esteemed them as appropriateness. Relationships were as yet masterminded, as they had been in the Middle Ages, to assist the interests of land-claiming families. On marriage all the young lady's legitimate rights ceas... ...ters he made in his plays. He additionally created female characters who were clearly insightful, dynamic, and solid willed. Consequently making sensational plots that ascent to the surface cultural generalizations and standards. As in present day society theater and the media take into account individuals to communicate issues of worry in a none compromising way. Shakespeare's dynamic plays have impacted writing internationally for many years. WORK CITED: Kaston,David Scott. A Companion To Shakespeare, Blackwell Publishers Massachusetts. 1999. Chedgzoy,Kate. Shakespeare, Feminism and Gender, New York, Palgrave 2001 Dusinberre,Juliet. Shakespeare and The Nature Of Women, New York, Barnes and Noble Books. 1975. Pit, Angela Women in The Comedies and Last Plays, New York, Barnes and Noble Books 1981. Bamber, Linda Comic Women, Tragic Men, California, Stanford University Press 1982.

Judy's Marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Judy's Marketing plan - Essay Example Beside this, the significant air terminal close by is likewise a decent open door for an extra customer base. 2. There are two things that Judy needs to consider in entering the pet preparing and boarding business inside her zone. The first is the expansion of in-house pet sitting in her administration. Since Judy has an involvement with this sort of occupation, she is able to take care of the requirements of her imminent customers' pets at the solace of their homes. As indicated by Rod Scofield and Russ Mclean, pet sitting has numerous advantages that are fitted for Judy's market. Beside limiting the danger of presenting their pets to injuries and potential ailments, the nearness of pet sitters inside the homes of their customers even adds to wrongdoing prevention in the network. Pets are given customized and thorough consideration that is missing on the off chance that they are to be prepped outside of their recognizable regions. It would likewise give true serenity to the customers, realizing that their pet and even their homes are more secure due to the pet sitter present in their homes. Another focusing on methodology that she ought to do is to advance her administrations by means of the web. Since her market are web educated and specialists, she brings to the table her administration to them through the most recognizable showcasing scene they know-the Internet.

Essay Sample on Reconstruction Policy and the South after the Civil War

Article Sample on Reconstruction Policy and the South after the Civil War After the common war, the crucial errand of the Central Government was to embrace a legitimate strategy of reproduction and re-association with the end goal of fortifying the American Federation. Be that as it may, because of different reasons, the undertaking was an intricate one. The dismal death of President Lincoln made it sufficiently certain that the enthusiasts were firmly contradicted to a dynamic approach. He, without a doubt, had abhorred bondage and wanted its annulment. Be that as it may, he really battled for Union and not for the liberation of the slaves all things considered. His basic role was to ensure and protect the solidarity of the Federation by impeding the breaking down mentality of the South. Along these lines, after the finish of the common war, the Primary Task of the new President, Andrew Johnson, was to complete a liberal assuagement as upheld by his ancestor. Yet, the triumphant North, aware of its own misfortune because of the war, was in no way, shape or form mollifying in its disposition towards the South. In any event at first, the conditions of the North were supportive of embracing an approach of counter (L. Mukherjee). Thus, harsh fights broke out between the President and Congress which was commanded by the Republicans. Indeed, the gathering arrangement of America was, during this time, nearly confined and the Republican Party had no solid base in the south. This is likewise an explanation behind which it didn't, at first, take a lot of care for the interests of the South. The Reconstruction Act of 1867-68 given that the Southern states ought to be treated as the vanquished areas to be managed by the military Governors and were to be readmitted to the Federation after they sanctioned the fourteenth amendment of the constitution. As a portion of the states retained such endorsement, the Congress continued to expose the South to Negro-rule under military security. Normally, the Negroes exploited this arrangement and the rule of ‘Black Terror’ appeared. Be that as it may, step by step, an essential change introduced fundamentally because of political and protected measures. Strategically, the Southern states came to understand that the Federation was indestructible and any such endeavor to break it would clearly end futile. The Federation was ensured and it was educated to all that the units of and no one, anyway relentless and incredible, reserved the privilege to split it up. The common war additionally settled the way that the Center, however ruled by the Northern states, was, for guaranteeing Federal solidarity qualified for embrace exacting military measures. Such acknowledgment gradually imbued in the South the possibility of national solidarity and solidarity. Correspondingly, the Northern states corrected their previous stand and acknowledged the Southern states as the fundamental piece of the Federation. Along these lines the South were brought again into the Union and the renegades were instructed to be steadfast residents. Obviously, the gathering framework likewise helped much in the development of such solidarity. Continuously the Republican Party extended its associations in the South and the, inevitably, it also went about as a bringing together power. Naturally, as well, the procedure was towards unification. As O.P Goyal watches, â€Å"The thirteenth (1865), fourteenth (1868) and fifteenth (1870) revisions became out of the common war† (Goyal). The thirteenth amendment annulled subjugation which so since quite a while ago showed up as a bone of substance between the South and the North. The fourteenth amendment characterized citizenship and disallowed states to deny people of life, freedom and property â€Å"without fair treatment of law†. The abolishment of the establishment of subjugation has achieved the liberation of billions of individuals who had for such a long time compelled to stay as the losses of current human progress. The Negroes, who had endured much because of racial disdain, were currently positioned in force and position. Along these lines the individuals of the North and South were acquired a condition of fairness. The fifteenth amendment disallowed the Governments, both focal and common, from abbr eviating the option to cast a ballot as a result of race, shading, living arrangement or different past states of subjugation. In this way the idea of balance and freedom was maintained through the constitution and, normally, by far most of the Southern individuals who so since quite a while ago supported resentment against the middle, got faithful and agreeable. The republic was, be that as it may, reinforced by the common war. America rose out of it with another soul, expectation and power. It presently received a strong strategy †France had to pull back its military from Mexico and Britain was convinced to make up for the American misfortune in the Alabama issue. This political factor had its effect on the financial side as well. The Center, despite everything ruled by the North, indicated a reasonable sense in this issue. The Government embraced an arrangement which energized quick industrialization and this plan to a great extent helped the South to continue towards thriving. As expressed before, the slave-subordinate society of the South presently turned out to be substantially more normal in their methodology and focused on the arrangement of sane industrialization. Because of the abrogation of the slave-framework, and the new soul of industrialization, they separated the huge domains and put resources into the industrialization procedure. Subsequently an economy of cotton-development offered path to the modern upset. They presently made their own products and the spread of railroads extended their business sectors and furthermore joined them with the North. In the spot of localism, another sentiment of solidarity and network of interests grew up. Along these lines the North and the South joined and framed a solid Federation. Fast industrialization not just improved the expectation for everyday comforts of the South, yet in addition guaranteed a provincial equalization in the economy. This is an example History exposition composed without any preparation by one of our scholarly authors. In the event that you need to arrange a custom article, research paper, look into paper, postulation/exposition or other composed task on any point contact our organization to get proficient scholastic composing help.

Immersive in Multimedia Free Essays

Vivid MULTIMEDIA Introduction to Immersive Multimedia The historical backdrop of Immersive Multimedia started with the idea of Virtual Reality. In the late 1960s, the craving of PC researchers and craftsmen was to make, carefully made ‘near-to-reality’ encounters through Interactive Multimedia. This got known as Virtual Reality. We will compose a custom article test on Vivid in Multimedia or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Augmented Reality, today, is a PC made condition that a client can understanding through the faculties of sight, hearing and contact. Vivid Multimedia is a blend of mixed media components and intelligence in Virtual Reality. Vivid allude to omputer created recreation of reality with physical, spatial and visual measurement. This intelligent innovation is utilized by architechs, science and designing exploration and human expressions, diversion, and computer games industry. Augmented Reality framework can mimic everythings from stroll through of a structure before development to reenactments of airplane flight and three measurement PC games. Vivid advances and augmented reality are amazing and convincing PC application by which people can associate and interface with PC created condition in a manner that imics genuine sense commitment. As 3D and vivid innovation turns out to be increasingly coordinated and accessible for a wide scope of use. It require very much structured UIs and inv entive substance for the up and coming age of PC games and coordinated innovation like cell phones dispersed web frameworks and work area application. Case Of Immersive Multimedia Education Business Entertainment IMMERSIVE MUTIMEDIA IN ENTERTAINMENT Example Of Immersive Multimedia in Entertainment Virtual Football Virtual Gliders Aircraft Virtual Games Counter Strike Virtual Games Equation 1 Virtual Games Adventure Kayak Games Virtual Truck Games VR has a great deal of positive advantages. It offers impaired individuals the chance to participate in exercises not normally accessible to them. In virtual universes, individuals in wheelchairs, for instance, can have an opportunity of development that they don't have in reality. Right now not many individuals can bear to purchase a VR framework. In any case, as the innovation propels, lightweight protective caps and all the more impressive PCs will take VR into conventional homes. Computer generated reality has significant uses in a wide range of engineering and mechanical structure. PC Aided Design, or CAD, has been a significant structure instrument since the mid 1970s, since it permits the client to draw three-dimensional pictures on a PC screen. Be that as it may, except if you have a VR head protector and glove to extend the pictures on to, you won't be inundated in your virtual world. 3D Viewing 3D seeing empower clients to see the screen in 3D structure and genuine. This Make the media progressively Attractive to clients. For instance a clients will felt the film like occur on this encompassing on the off chance that he see on a 3D screen. Augmented reality created out of the specialized network, rom a dream of what was in fact conceivable and from the necessities of certain in fact requesting applications. Obviously, a portion of the makers had dreams of utilizations a long ways past the requirements of their financing sources, yet for the most part the network has investigated augmented reality as a human-PC interface innovation. REFERENCE ?http://librar y. thinkquest. organization/26890/virtualrealityt. htm ?http://liquidnarrative. csc. ncsu. edu/classes/csc582/papers/vrae. pdf ?http://pictures. google. com. my/pictures? hl=ensource=hpq=virtual+realitybtnG=Search+Imagesgbv =2aq=2oq=VIRTUAL Step by step instructions to refer to Immersive in Multimedia, Papers

Coping With Ostraconophobia or the Fear of Shellfish

Coping With Ostraconophobia or the Fear of Shellfish Phobias Types Print Coping With Ostraconophobia The Fear of Shellfish By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on April 12, 2019 Ippei Naoi / Moment / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Ostraconophobia, or the fear of shellfish, is fairly common. For most people, this simply means a few minor dietary restrictions. In some cases, though, it can become life-limiting. Causes Shellfish phobias can generally, though not always, be broken down into a few common themes. Some people are deeply afraid of food poisoning, others of breaking religious dietary restrictions. In some cases, the fear is of the texture or taste rather than the food itself. People who are allergic to shellfish often exhibit strong fears when confronted with foods that may contain shellfish, but as these fears are tied to a physical condition, they are not considered phobias. However, some people are afraid of developing an allergic reaction to shellfish, even if they have never previously had such an allergy. Food Poisoning Shellfish poisoning is a real, though relatively rare, threat. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), there are three main types of shellfish poisoning: paralytic, neurotoxic, and amnestic. Although the prognosis is generally good, all three types can cause severe illness. The toxins are heat-stable, so cooking does not remove the threat. If you have ever experienced shellfish poisoning, you may be understandably reluctant to risk eating shellfish again. Even if the poisoning happened to someone else, you may be afraid that next time it will happen to you. However, it is easy to take healthy concerns too far. According to the NIH, there is some truth to the old wives tale that shellfish should not be consumed in months whose names do not contain an R. The toxins that cause poisoning are more active during the months of May through August, as well as during and just after a red tide. The NIH also states that these toxins occur mainly in clams, mussels, and oysters, and less frequently in scallops. Other shellfish carry a much lower risk. Of course, the elderly, children and those with preexisting medical conditions should speak with their physician before consuming any possibly risky food. Religious Restrictions Some religions restrict or prohibit the consumption of certain foods. In particular, Jewish and some interpretations of Islamic dietary laws forbid the eating of shellfish. For those who practice these religions, an aversion to forbidden foods is not considered a disorder. As illustrated above, though, a problem can occur in those who were raised in strictly religious environments but no longer practice that religion. Like religion-based phobias, food-related phobias can arise when formerly religious people attempt to eat or cook in secular restaurants or homes. Many people easily make the transition, but if you are having trouble, consider seeking assistance from a mental health professional or a spiritual advisor in your new religion of choice. Shellfish Allergies According to our Guide to Food Allergies, shellfish allergy is the most common food allergy in adults in the United States. Unlike most allergies, an allergy to shellfish usually develops in adulthood and remains throughout the sufferers life. Shellfish products are used in a mind-boggling array of applications, and allergic reactions can be severe and even life-threatening. Therefore, constant vigilance is medically necessary. Like concerns about shellfish poisoning, though, it is easy to take concerns about shellfish allergies too far. If you have an allergy, discuss your condition carefully with your doctor. Learn which foods to avoid and which ones to question, and decide together whether you should carry an Epi-Pen. If you have a pen, be sure you know how to use it and carry it with you at all times. Texture and Taste Issues Fear and disgust are often confused. In some types of phobias, including food phobias, some sufferers demonstrate repulsion rather than an actual fear reaction. Vegetarians and vegans, as well as those who were raised with restricted diets, may be more prone to disgusted reactions to certain tastes or textures. How to Cope In many cases, shellfish phobias have little effect on daily life. It is entirely possible to enjoy a healthy, varied diet without ever consuming a bite of shellfish. However, this phobia can become life-limiting. Whether you are training to become a chef, cooking at a local take-out place, or simply interested in broadening your culinary horizons, it may be worthwhile to overcome your fears. Milder cases of shellfish phobia can often be overcome simply through progressive exposure. Try bites of shellfish off a loved ones plate or pick up a shrimp or two when filling your plate at a buffet. Allow yourself plenty of time to adapt and overcome any taste or texture issues. If your shellfish phobia is more severe, or if your work or hobbies require you to quickly beat the phobia, consider seeking professional assistance. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can often make a significant difference in a very short period of time.

A Wharton-Lauder Student Chats About Management Leaders of Tomorrow and the Value of Time

Learn how real students navigate their way through the business school admissions process and b-school itself with our What is Business School Really Like? Series. Meet Sergio, a student at the Wharton-Lauder joint degree program in international management. Thank you Sergio for sharing your story with us! What made you decide to go to business school? Was this a second career for you? Sergio: Easy answer! I was working as an auditor at Deloitte, but I never saw myself as an accountant. I, like most MBAs, was a high performer; however, I could not help but imagine that I could be even more successful in a career that was more aligned with my strengths and interests. I have always been interested in real estate. Growing up in Houston, TX, I witnessed firsthand how economic development can be driven by well thought-out real estate developments. Fortunately, I now find myself pursuing an MBA from an institution that is not only known for finance, but also has a strong reputation in real estate. How did you decide which programs to apply to? Were you willing to relocate to attend school? Sergio: I was fortunate enough to be a part of MLT, Management Leadership for Tomorrow, MBA Prep Program, which helped me navigate the application process including deciding which programs I would ultimately apply to. As a part of this process, we had to carefully prioritize what we were looking for in a program. For me, I wanted a program with a strong reputation, extensive alumni network, and geographically located outside the great state of Texas. I lived in Texas all my life and really wanted to take advantage of the MBA experience to live somewhere else. Wharton met these criteria, and through the Lauder Institute I was able to even further diversify by geographic experience. What is the MLT MBA Prep Program? Who is eligible to participate and what resources are provided to fellows? Sergio: The MLT or Management Leadership for Tomorrow is an organization dedicated to empowering underrepresented minorities by transforming their career trajectories. MLT’s MBA Prep Program provides African American, Latino, and Native American professionals with personalized guidance and tools to successfully navigate the business school application process. The tools and resources provided include one-on-one coaching, GMAT assistance, access to top MBA program admissions offices, and an extensive network of peers within the MLT community. Why Wharton Lauder? How will the programs international focus enhance your career? Sergio: The Lauder/Wharton program preaches the importance of preparing its leaders to be globally fluent, which is in part one of the reasons why I wanted to apply. For me, Lauder hit my heart strings. As a Venezuelan-American, I have always struggled with the idea of retaining my Latin American culture. I believed that in order to do so I would not only need to learn more about the region, but also prepare myself for a career focused in Latin America. Lauder provided all the tools necessary for me to accomplish my personal and professional goals. That being said, what drew me to Lauder was the program’s focus on family and building incredibly strong bonds with like-minded global individuals. The concept of â€Å"Lauder Love† really drives the culture on campus and makes you feel like you have a family to rely on while you navigate through the greater Wharton community. What is unique about Wharton Lauder? What degree are you working towards in addition to the MBA? Sergio: The Lauder Institute in conjunction with the Wharton School of Business prepares its students for the increasingly specialized and global workforce by providing an academic environment where they can achieve linguistic, cultural, and political fluency. Students enrolled in the program will receive a master’s in international studies with a concentration in a specific region of the world. The list of regions of concentration is extensive, including Europe, Latin America, Global, Asia, Africa, and South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa (SAMENA). Within these regions, students will also focus on developing language fluency and intercultural competencies relevant to their program concentration. Did you participate in a team-based discussion as part of your interview process? What was that like? Sergio: The team-based discussion is the interview method that Wharton’s admissions office uses to assess prospective student’s ability to work in a group and come up with a solution. Once an interview invitation is extended, an applicant is provided a prompt challenging the applicant to come up with an idea to pitch. During the TBD, the applicants (typically six) will have 30 minutes to pitch their ideas, decide on one, and then present to the observers. I loved my experience during the TBD. Although everyone will attempt to be their best selves, it’s amazing how real people get when the stakes are high. I was lucky to have a great team during my team-based discussion, but I have definitely heard horror stories. These stories should not scare prospective students. Part of working in a team is dealing with difficult people. Be yourself, be self-aware, and manage any conflict that may arise calmly and respectfully. What are intercultural venture trips? Have you participated in one? What was your experience? Sergio: The Lauder Intercultural Ventures (LIV) are mini-immersive trips during spring-break or winter-break that take students to different countries to study a specific theme relevant to that country. For example, this year I participated in the Mongolia LIV focused on social impact of a changing environment. I had the opportunity to meet with political leaders, cultural experts, and representatives from state-owned and privately-owned mining companies to better understand how Mongolia has transitioned politically, culturally, and economically after 70 years of communism. Furthermore, we focused on the impact that environment changes related to the country’s mining practices has had on the country’s pastoral nomads. This was one of my favorite experiences this year and I am struggling to decide which LIV I want to participate in next year. I am stuck between â€Å"country in transition† – Cuba and â€Å"learning from Easter Island’s collapse â₠¬â€œ Rapa Nui. Do Lauder students take the same MBA courses as other Wharton students? Sergio: Yes. The program is a joint degree, so while there are courses that are available only to Lauder students, such as the language and international politics course, the majority of a student’s credit requirements are fulfilled through Wharton. In other words, Lauder Students are MBA students at Wharton who take additional courses related to international politics, culture, and language to prepare themselves for global careers. Sounds like a lot of juggling! How do you make time to pursue two degrees at once? Sergio: It is a lot of juggling indeed! To be honest – there are two messages I try to convey to prospective students who ask me this question: (1) Lauder will undoubtedly limit your ability to participate in everything that Wharton has to offer, and it is really important when organizing one’s academic plan to take the additional course work seriously. However, (2) understanding that trade-offs are not unique to Lauder students is very important; it is impossible for any Wharton student to take advantage of everything on campus, so the extra demand related to the Lauder experience is a blessing in disguise. Students are forced to be way more intentional in planning their academic and student life involvement in order to manage the extra academic workload. Once business school began, what surprised you most about the experience? Sergio: Pace, pace, pace!!! This experience is non-stop. I think most students get really excited about being a student again, so once school begins they sign up for literally anything that hits their inbox. The resulting outcome of this type of life planning is a Google calendar that is multi-colored, over-committed, and daunting. However, this is a good problem to have. Although I find myself busier than I have ever been, I am having a blast juggling the academic, social, and career demands. It is hard to explain, but what I think surprised me the most about the MBA experience is that you really learn the value of your time. My goal for next year is to really hone in on certain areas of involvement that are important to me; I do not think I would have been able to identify these opportunities if I did not overextend myself in my first year. What do you think your classmates would be surprised to know about you? Sergio: I guess I have a reputation on campus as being extremely extroverted, which I am. I have involved myself in many public facing roles: Cluster Council, Student Life Fellow, and the Chief Financial Officer of the Wharton Graduate Association (I had to do the quick plug). What is funny is that I really do enjoy the occasional moment to myself. If any of my classmates are up around 9am on a Sunday (highly unlikely), they would likely run into me strolling around Rittenhouse by myself listening to music before the 10am mass at St. Patrick’s. Sunday mornings for me are precious and it is about the only time throughout the week where I can unplug. What does recruitment look like on campus? Does the recruitment experience match your expectations? Sergio: Recruitment on campus is split into two categories: mature and enterprise recruiting. Mature recruiting refers to a recruiting process that is very structured: recruiters come on campus, schedule coffee chat slots, and set dates for interview invitations and offer deadlines. The enterprise recruiting route is considerably more ambiguous. Students have to be entrepreneurial in order to seek out a summer internship; think cold calls, emails, random flights to meet people for coffee. For enterprise recruiting, Wharton gives you the value of the brand name, but it is the student’s responsibility to leverage it. I think Wharton’s career management professionals are second to none and they have been incredibly useful in helping students navigate both the mature and enterprise recruiting processes. What advice do you have for students beginning their MBA journey? Sergio: Be intentional. The main indicator of a strong applicant is whether they know why they need an MBA and why they want to go to a particular program. The MBA process is very long, but if you can practice being intentional throughout the application process you will be better prepared to face the trade-off situations that you will encounter once on campus. Your most valuable resource at business school is time and knowing where to allocate your time, and why. This is the best way to maximize your business school experience†¦It is hard for me not to smirk a bit while saying this because not only is this advice super valuable, it is also given every year and ultimately ignored ☠¹. My last piece of advice is to be selfless. You are going to be surrounded by students who are maximizers and want to dedicate these two years to themselves; however, I challenge this way of thinking for two reasons: (1) there are a lot of people, specifically faculty and administration, that invest a considerable amount of time to ensuring that your student experience is incredible. It is a really hard job and listening to constant complaints by students makes it harder. Be conscious of the problems, then be part of the solution. (2) Community is the most important theme that you will hear on campus, and for good reason. Schools like Wharton are dedicated to preparing leaders to build communities, both professionally and personally, that are diverse and inclusive. It is literally impossible to learn these vital leadership skills without being involved in your school’s community and being self-aware of your own biases. Do you have questions for Sergio? Questions for us? Do you want to be featured in our next What is Business School Really Like? post? Know someone else who you’d love to see featured? Are there questions you’d like us to ask our students in this series? LET US KNOW! You can learn more about Sergio by connecting with him on LinkedIn. Are you setting out on your own b-school journey? We can help you reach the finish line! Check out our MBA Admissions Consulting Services to team up with an admissions expert who will help you join the ranks of thousands of Accepted clients who get accepted to their dream schools. For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Leadership in Admissions, a free guide †¢ Wharton Lauder: An MBA/MA that Prepares You for Global Business, a podcast episode †¢ Wharton MBA Essay Tips and Deadlines

Coffee, Tea And Chocolate In The Renaissance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1925 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/28 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: Renaissance Essay Did you like this example? Today Europe is a hub of coffee, tea, and chocolate culture and production. Thus, many believe that coffee, tea, and chocolate has been in Europe since or before the Renaissance and that the popularity of these caffeinated commodities aided in the surge of great minds within the Italian Renaissance. However, is that really true, while working from 1300 to 1600 A.D? The aim, then of this general survey will be to find if there is a correlation between tea, coffee, and chocolate with the coming of the Renaissance The direct origin of coffee is fraught with legend and speculation but it is important in the story of how coffee ended up a global commodity.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Coffee, Tea And Chocolate In The Renaissance" essay for you Create order Abu al-Tayyib al-Ghazzi of the Arab tradition tells one of the oldest origins of coffee during the reign of Solomon. The story goes that Solomon was said to have come in his travels to a town whose inhabitants were afflicted with some unspecified disease. On the command of the angel Gabriel, he roasted coffee beans from the Yemen, from which he brewed the drink, which when given to the sufferers, cured them of their illness. It is then latter alluded that the origins of coffee were then immediately forgotten until the 16th century. Other tales involve outcasted priest doctors who forage on the beans to survive or a shepherd who noticed the vigor of his sheep and decides to try the odd fruit they had recently eaten. Regardless of the factual correctness that the myths no doubtingly lack, it is clear that coffee has an Arabic origin and was probably first cultivated in modern-day Yemen and Ethiopia. There is also strong evidence that coffee has a distinct connection to the Sufi Mystic Religion, prominent west of the Red Sea. The Sufi religion had relatively unique ceremonies that may have lead to their adaptation of coffee as a means of staying awake longer. The Sufi religion was and still stands as Islamic in base. It holds firm roots in not only Islam but philosophy, music, medicine, and most importantly alchemy. Alchemy was not just around to turn rocks into gold it was used by the Sufi sect to try and understand the spiritual quest for the transmutation of the human soul. Coffee was then first adopted, in the late 15th century, as a drinking substance by this sect, not only to help stay awake during lengthy night rituals but because the process of roasting these beans demonstrated their faith in alchemy. Coffee then became not only a physical substance but a religious affair. From here coffee quickly began to spread. From the mountains of Yemen, coffee went to Mecca, no doubt due to its religious influence. From there, coffee spread throughout the entire Islamic world even entering into Cairo within the 15th century. It would be easy to assume coffee made its way across the Mediterranean similar to the hop over the Red Sea into Mecca. Surly, coffee had the ability to directly influence Europe with its invigorating properties, now that it could flow out of the ports of Cairo and straight to Venice. However, there is a different story. Coffee probably did make its way back in small private collections but there was yet to be an international trade of co ffee like we see today. The issue of immediate trade was a religious one. Its common knowledge that Islam and Catholicism did not fare well together. Coffee was until the turn of the 16th century in Europe confined to the avant-garde, such as the students, faculty, and visitors at the University of Padua. Coffee was under attack during the reign of Pope Clement VIII as it was just recently brought into the realm by Venetian merchants. The claim was that the black substance was of the infidel and thus of the devil. Many urged its ban immediately, but Pope Clement VIII decided upon tasting the drink decided, itrs flavor and effect were so delightful that he declared it would be a shameful waste to leave it to the heathen. It was then in the year 1600 that coffee had made its official debut in Europe just after the accepted end date of the Renaissance being 1300 1600 A.D. Down with the idea of Renaissance Coffee; it simply did not exist in Europe with a large enough quantity to make a plausible impact. But what of the caffeinated bean known as chocolate? Many know its origins began in the new world alongside the Aztec Empire. It is even more commonly know that the new world was discovered in 1492 when Columbus sailed the ocean blue. Although 1492 is nearly 200 years old it seems it is a better contender than coffee. The origins of chocolate are then needed to understand its effects and circulation within society. Chocolate goes by another name still used today; coco is the current word but cacao can be traced as the roots and even more excitingly the word kakawa can be linked and traced to the word as late as 1000 B.C. This recent discovery is is thanks to the linkage of the word Cacao dating back to the native roots of the Mixe-Zoquean language group but most importantly to the Olmec Civilization. It was in the Olmec site of San Lorenzo that linguists could place the earliest record of the word, kakawa, within the Olmec period inferring that these people are the first to ever cultivate the cocoa bean. From here the story of chocolate in the Americas follows the path of most commodities. Chocolate is traded and the Mayans soon begin cultivating the Cacao plant. The Mayans while in the height of their power traded cocoa with the Toltecs in the 9th century and soon the drink was widespread and was even regarded as a form of currency amongst the Mayan dominion and later the Aztecs in the 12th ce ntury. Then the conquistadors arrived late on the onset of the 16th century and find the drink and product within their New-Spain. The diffusion of chocolate culture from Latin America to Europe is important. Not only because the old world had no cocoa plant to cultivate but because the old world was fiercely in competition with itself. Similarly to Islam and Catholicism, trade and secrets ran deep, especially between Portugal and Spain. This minute detail is actually the reason why coffee had a delayed and profound start through Europe. Christopher Columbus did indeed make the first contact with natives and from there the first shipment of cocoa reached Seville Spain in 1585. However, the important note here is that chocolate did not flourish throughout Europe instantly and with a great deal of certainty, due to Charles the V, chocolate remained almost completely isolated within Spain. Unfortunately for the hypothesis of chocolate aiding the renaissance during most of the 16th century, chocolate and the stimulating effects of its caffeine it holds remained a cherished Spanish secret. It was not until 1606 that Italy became the second country to enjoy chocolate that all of Europe began to enjoy its benefits. Thus, just like coffee, chocolate comes just too late to have aided in the plethora of thought throughout the Italian Renaissance. Next there is tea. Did tea have any correlation to the coming of the Italian Renaissance? Well, to start the origins of tea is in Southeast Asia, specifically China. No one is exactly sure when the Chinese started using plant leaves for beverage purposes. However, in Chinese legends they date the origin of tea back to 2737 B.C. under the reign of Emperor Shen Nung the Divine Healer. In reality, the first reliable mention of tea comes in the 317 A.D. by a general of the Chin dynasty, writing to his nephew Liu Yen, the governor of Yenchow in the province of Shantung, that he felt aged and depressed and wanted some real tu [tea]. Then in 350 A.D. the Chinese scholar Kuo Po gives the first definition of tea in his work, the Erh Ya. In Erh Ya, under the name of kia or ku tu the definition is a beverage is made from the leaves by boiling. For a long time tea was used solely as a medical beverage, eventually in the late sixth century A.D. the Chinese started to use tea as a regular drink. T ea became a very popular beverage to the Chinese for both medical and recreational purposes, to the point that tea leaves were an average trading item and people were developing different methods of preparing tea. Through trade, tea spread to the rest of the provinces in China, to Japan, and to India. According to William Uker in All About Tea, the knowledge of tea was probably introduced into the Island Empire along with Chinese Civilization, the fine arts, and Buddhism, about A.D. 593, in the reign of Prince Shotoku. Later on tea cultivation was introduced to Japan, which the Japanese ran with and began their own styles of cultivation and preparation. Japan is very important to how tea reached Europe. Tea was first mentioned in Europe during the mid 16th century, by a few merchants and multiple Jesuits on missions in Japan. In 1546, the merchant Jorge Alvares in a report writes about how the both Japanese nobles and ordinary people drank hot water mixed with herbs, which is the first European reference to tea. Tea continued to be referred to as hot water by the European merchants and the Jesuit missionaries in their reports and letters back to Europe. It is through Japan that tea is introduced into Europe. Dutch traders were the first to bring tea, mostly green teas, into Europe in the year 1610. With the first introduction of tea into Europe being after the end of the Renaissance period, it is therefore absurd for tea to have any correlation with the coming of the Renaissance. Nor did tea have any major influence during the Renaissance. Rather tea was popular after the end of the Renaissance and by the Enlightenment period, tea was one of the most sought after drinks, especially in England. In conclusion, coffee, chocolate, and tea does not yield a correlation with the Italian Renaissance. Although, all beverages were in existence before the Italian Renaissance, they were not in Europe until right at the end or after the end of the Renaissance. Anyone who says coffee, chocolate, or tea was a key feature of the Renaissance is mistaken and all they need to do is a little bit of research into the subject. Bibliography Coe, Sophie D., and Michael D. Coe. The True History of Chocolate. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2013. Hattox, Ralph S. Coffee and Coffeehouses: The Origins of a Social Beverage in the Medieval Near East. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 2002. Preedy, Victor R. Caffeine: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. Stella, Alain. The Little Book of Coffee. Paris: Flammarion, 2001. Ukers, William H. All About Tea. Vol. 1. 2 vols. New York: Tea and Coffee Trade Journal Company, 1935. https://archive.org/details/AllAboutTeaV1/page/n0. Varley, Paul and Isao, Kumakura. (1989). Tea in Japan. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. Wild, Antony. Coffee: A Dark History. New York: Norton, 2005.  Secondary Bibliography Grivetti, Louis, and Howard-Yana Shapiro. Chocolate: History, Culture, and Heritage. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2009. Lach, Donald F. Asia in the Making of Europe. Vol 1. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1965. Massey, John L. Coffee: Production, Consumption and Health Benefits. New York: Nova Publishers, 2016. Weinberg, Bennett Alan., and Bonnie K. Bealer. The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the Worlds Most Popular Drug. New York: Routledge, 2001.

Amazon Kindle And Its Innovativeness Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Amazon Kindle The following parts of the paper will focus on the product innovation strategies and programmes behind the development of Amazon Kindle. The Amazon Kindle is an e-book reader designed by the multinational electronic commerce company Amazon. com. This device enables users to browse, read, and download digital books, magazines, and newspapers on wireless connectivity (Amazon. co. uk). An E Ink electronic paper display is used in this hardware device and this feature minimises the power usage to a large extent. This innovation has greatly assisted the Amazon. com to stimulate its business activities by offering improved shopping facilities to users. The company’s reports show that different user friendly features of this device have attracted a large number of new customers to Amazon. com Amazon Kindle: A Substantial Innovation Evidently, this product development process comes under substantial innovation. Substantial innovation assists a firm to bring dramatic changes in its business performance by exploring potential business opportunities that are likely to lead the industry with a competitive advantage over rivals. As experts point out, â€Å"substantial innovations are mid-level in significance both to customers who benefit from them and to the sponsoring company that believes they will significantly help the firm grow and create new wealth† (Tucker, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Amazon Kindle And Its Innovativeness or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Although this type of innovation does not fall under the category of breakthroughs, it enables organisations to meet or exceed its goals for growing business, increasing market share, and lowering cost of operations. Under this type, substantial improvements in a firm’s existing product lines or services greatly aid the firm to achieve customer loyalty. It is expected that there would a considerable increase in the sales revenues of Amazon. com with the introduction of this new e-book reader. In the view of Epps (as cited in Shaer, 2011), the Amazon. com would sell between 3 and 5 million Amazon Kindle Fire (a version of Kindle) units before the end of 2011. Many other marketing experts strongly support this opinion by pointing to the fact that this device possesses a variety of competitive advantages over its competitive substitutes. It is widely expected that the newly designed hardware device would raise challenges to iPad, a tablet comput er of Apple Inc, because the Fire is about half the size of the iPad and it is sold at less than half the price of the iPad. The Amazon. com charges a price of $199 for the Kindle Fire whereas the cheapest iPad is sold for $499 (Yahoo Finance, 2011).

Blood Pressure Regulation - 1269 Words

Blood pressure regulation and changes occurring after increase in blood pressure Each time the heart pumps, it sends blood all over the body to supply organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients. The strength of the force created as the heart pumps blood into the vessels together with the vessels’ resistance to the blood flow is defined as the body’s blood pressure (Darovic, 2002). A normal range blood pressure (BP) must be between 100-130mmHg systolic (when the heart is beating) and 60-90mmHg diastolic pressure (between heart beats) (Sherwood, 1997). Many factors can change blood pressure, including exercise and diet. The regulation of BP within the body is tightly maintained by nerves, hormones and renal control in relation to three†¦show more content†¦These signal messengers will rapidly communicate with the autonomic neural system, in order to decrease sympathetic influence on the heart and blood vessels and increase parasympathetic activity, so that mean arterial blood pressure returns to its normal. By releasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach), parasympathetic nerves will decrease the frequency of the action potentials of the sinoatrial (SA) and the atrioventricular (AV) nodes, found in the heart. This mechanism will decrease cardiac output by reducing the number of heart beats and the organ’s force of contractions (Milnor, 1990). Parasympathetic activity will also expand vessels, decreasing their resistance to blood flow and therefore decreasing total peripheral resistance. As veins get wider, they will retain blood causing a reduction in venous return to the heart. Decreased amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (period between contractions of the heart) will consequently decrease cardiac output and blood pressure (Constanzo, 2012). Electrolytes such as sodium and chloride are essential as they help to maintain body’s water balance. However, excessive dietary intake of salt increases the amount of water retained by the body and as a result increases blood volume (Thomas and Bishop, 2007). When the heart senses the rise in blood volume, atrial and brain-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) are synthesized and released. TheShow MoreRelatedBlood Pressure Regulation By Christopher B. Evans2294 Words   |  10 PagesBlood Pressure Regulation Christopher B. Evans AHPH-545, Salisbury University Introduction Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels and usually refers to the arterial pressure of the systemic circulation. Blood pressure is routinely regulated in order to direct appropriate amounts of nutrients and oxygen to specific tissue types. For example, when exercise requires additional supplies of oxygen to skeletal muscles, blood flowRead MoreMedical Case Study1511 Words   |  7 Pagespresented in the ED with a history of chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitis type 2, aortic valve stenosis and shortness of breath. He states that he cannot catch his breath and has constant burning chest discomfort for one week without substernal chest pressure. He reports coughing with production of sputum and denies having these symptoms before. He does drink alcohol (including today) and admitted to drug use (marijuana). He developed worsening respiratory distress in the ED and was placed on a BipapRead MoreThe Physiological Effects of Ren ovascular Hypertension (Renal Hypertension) on the Body1673 Words   |  7 Pageshypertension, is a condition in which chronically elevated high blood pressure is caused by a narrowing of the renal arteries. The renal arteries are the arteries that bring blood to the kidneys (9). This blood is processed by which the kidneys filter the blood, removing some substances and sometimes adding others. The kidneys also have several functions, which can be negatively affected by renovascular hypertension. One function is the regulation of water and ion balances within the body. In order to doRead MoreCase Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1323 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic health condition associated with high concentrations of glucose in the blood and urine. The effective function of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems is essential in the control, communication and movement of the body. Cindy Openshaw’s case of Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a negative influence of the successful function nervous and musculoskeletal systems. In regards to Cindy Openshaw, the functioning of her nervous and musculoskeletal systems willRead MoreAn Individual’S Health Is Dependent Not Only On The Behavioral1330 Words   |  6 Pagesimplementation of health interventions were smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.15 It is important to note, however, that while the Finnish people did display a high risk for CVD based on a few key risk factors, they did not exhibit other risk factors for the condition, such as inactivity or obesity.9 The aforementioned immediate risk factors prevalent within Finland were strongl y correlated to the lack of smoking regulations and influence from the powerful diary industry in the countryRead MoreChronic Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure And Risk For Development Of Coronary Heart Disease1469 Words   |  6 PagesBackground information Heart rate is defined as the number of contractions the heart carries out in one minute. Blood pressure has two measurements: systolic blood pressure, or the pressure exerted on the artery walls during cardiac systole, and diastolic blood pressure, or the pressure exerted on the artery walls during cardiac diastole (American Heart Association, 2014). Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg, whereas heart rate is measured using aRead MoreLiterature Review : High Blood Pressure1107 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review High blood pressure, also known as Hypertension (HTN), is the most predominant culprit to global morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence varies with age, race, lifestyle, family history, obesity, stress, environment and certain chronic conditions. Although there is a decrement cases noted over the last decades, the prevalence in children and older adults has significantly increased in both developed and developing countries, hence, constitute an alarming public health concernRead MoreTypes Of Hypertension And Secondary Hypertension1434 Words   |  6 PagesPathophysiology The amount of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance the arteries have to blood flow determines the blood pressure. High blood pressure results when the heart pumps more blood through narrowing arteries. There are many physiological mechanisms involved in maintaining a normal blood pressure, and the upset of any of these mechanisms may play a role in the development of hypertension (Beevers, Lip, O’Brien, 2001). Normal blood pressure for adults is a systolic readingRead MoreA Vasoplegic Syndrome Case997 Words   |  4 Pagesinvasive blood pressure and central venous pressure monitoring. Patient had an uneventful intraoperative course till about 3hrs into the intraoperative period when a gradual fall in blood pressure to 60/40 mmHg was noted despite central venous pressure being maintained between 10-14cmH2O and only about 300ml of operative blood loss. The reduction in systolic pressure did not respond to crystalloid fluid boluses. Hence a decision was made to start dopamine and noradrenaline. Blood pressure did notRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Hypertension1599 Words   |  7 Pagesbody alike. Hypertension occurs when an individual has abnormally and excessively high blood pressure, in which stress is highly related to. High blood pressure can be perilous because it makes the heart work even harder in order to pump blood into your body, which ultimately leads to heart failure or other illnesses such as kidney disease and strokes. Approximately 29% of Americans suffer from high blood pressure; alluding to one in three adults having hypertension. 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Views on Curtural Globalization - 1040 Words

In the past, it was really hard to spread a culture one country to around the world. However, nowadays, we enjoy music, food, movies, and practice other religions from different cultures around the globe. This is all due to cultural globalization. Cultural globalization is spread of ideas and values via Internet, popular culture, international travel, and immigration. Immigrations are one of the best methods to spread a culture because the immigrants can practice their culture everyday and share with the natives. Unfortunately, however, there are three contending views of cultural globalization and I decided to examine the views in London and in Strasbourg. The first view is that the racism always follows the immigrants. In London,†¦show more content†¦Western argues, â€Å"their parents, perhaps projecting their own anxieties, sometimes verbalize concern about their British-born children’s alleged lack of belonging† (Western, 262, 1992). However, for the secon d generations, it is a different story. Their home is where they are born and raised, England. Western states, â€Å"When I’m in Barbados, I say to one of my friends, I’m going back home tomorrow. I don’t say I’m going back to England. No, I’m going back home, because I live here. I’ve spend more of my years outside it [Barbados]† (Western 259, 1992). The immigrants from North Africa in Strasbourg have similar concerns regarding their â€Å"home†. They consider their home to be Strasbourg whether they are first generation or second generation. The first generation had stayed in Strasbourg too long. Their children and grandchildren were born in Strasburg and because they stayed in Strasbourg, they don’t have any friends back in their homeland (Western, 199, 2012). From these there views, the racism is best interpretation of experiences of immigrations of newcomers in both London and Strasbourg. In London the immigrants ex perienced racial discrimination against them. For example, in London, drunken white passenger in a bus harassed a black man and when the police came, the police mistreated the black man by saying, â€Å"get down the fucking stairs† and never gave an apology (Western, 221, 1992). However, the racism in London is lessened according

Freedom Writers Reflective Free Essays

Freedom Writers Reflection The movie â€Å"Freedom Writers† has many differences and similarities between various cultures. In Mrs. G’s classroom there are several mixed cultures and gangs in the class. We will write a custom essay sample on Freedom Writers Reflective or any similar topic only for you Order Now Each of the cultures sit with what is their culture and gang. None of the cultures communicate with each other but only talk about one another and how much they hate each culture that is not their own. Each individual in the classroom has to deal with his or her own problems outside of school and home. For example Ava has to deal with a shooting that happened at a gas station with her father. She knows that her dad and his gang did it but the cops think that another black man in the gas station did it. She has to go on trial and tell her story of what she saw. In the end she tells on her father and she almost dies because what she did was disrespectful to her and her fathers gang. Even though the gangs and cultures don’t see eye to eye in the movie they all have things in common. They are all in gangs, each have their own stories to tell, each deal with the shooting of others and their friends, each want to communicate to others, and each want to be respected. Not a single person believes in these students except Mrs. G and Ms. Gies. When the students get to meet Ms. Gies they each get to listen to her story and each of theme realize that they can communicate and get along with other cultures no matter skin color, gang member, or even past history. Each student wants to share this with other students and other cultures and Ms. Gies can see this and she knows that the students will eventually tell their story and reach out to others. That these students are heroes willing to step out of the comfort zone and go beyond others. That is why they are heroes in her eyes. On the other hand there is the department of chair and honors teacher whom doesn’t believe in these students. They don’t understand the different culture and gangs. They only believe in their culture. They think that each culture is the same and that is that each student is dumb and will end up dropping out of high school or be dead. They don’t think that these students are worth anything. The main person that does believe in theses students are Ms. G. she takes the time to understand each and every student’s culture and personalities. She doesn’t think that her culture is any better than any other culture. She believes in these students and pushes them to do their very best. She knows that they are smart and can do better than what others think. She teaches the students about the holocaust because it is similar to their real lives that they are living now. Each culture wants to take over the other and become the best. It is genocide to them. She gives them a book to read that is not their level but just because she knows that they are interested in learning about this past history and how it relates to them they read it and understand it. Ms. G is an amazing teacher because she helped to change the student’s lives around. She saw the spark that they each had and she pushed them to reach out and speak out to other students and other cultures. She never gave up on the students but only believed in them. She helped get all their academic grades up, and most of all got the different cultures to communicate. She helped them to set the example for the future. This movie relates to real life. In the work field you will be working with many people from many different cultures. You cant be biased of any person cultures or not communicate with different cultures. Get to know the other person culture you may be surprised how much you have in common with that person and their culture. How to cite Freedom Writers Reflective, Papers

Ethical Staff Practices for Australian Hotel Industry

Question: Write about theEthical Staff Practices for Australian Hotel Industry. Answer: Introduction The hotel industry in Australia is one of the most competitive sectors of the economy. The country is associated with over 10,000 hotels in different categories. The sector, therefore, employs thousands of workers directly while others access jobs indirectly through the extended supply chain framework (AHA, 2010). The highest source of revenue for most of the hotels is the sales from liquor, which accounts for over 50% of the generated profits. On the other hand, hotels with gambling units enjoy over 30% income from the different activities associated with the established facilities (AHA, 2010). Moreover, the total expenditure of hotels in the Australian economy averages to $515.6 million annually, which explains why the sector is a major contributor to the GDP of the country. The level of competition emanating from the local and global trends and the changing customer expectations has generated the need for an advanced approach to hotel management, which span through strategic plann ing and development, client services, and sustainable human resource management (Nankervis, 1990). Moreover, the industry is subjected to regulations that govern the operability of the corporate affairs such as the interrelation with the customers, the suppliers, the shareholders, the states, and the employees. The existence of the regulations ensures that the operations of the hotels are within the local and international quality requirements (AHA, 2010). Such tendencies are mandatory for all investors in the sector irrespective of the scale of exploitation. One of the key concern in the sector is the contribution of employees to the level of success needed to generate growth and high revenue. Therefore, the big concern in the industry is an approach to human resource management that can encourage employee motivation and commitment to transform the performance outcome (Baum et al., 2016a). This paper presents a critical literature review regarding the level to which the hotel sector in Australia is practicing ethical staffing requirements. The paper looks at four key research pub lication regarding ethical staffing practices in the hotel industry in the country, where the discussion is based on the following two hypotheses. H1: A fair treatment of all employees occur within the five-star hotels in Australia. H2: Unethical and illegal practices of employing students prevail in Australian hotel industry. Ethical Staffing Practice in Hotel Industry The operations of hotels in Australia and other countries are governed by the enacted code of ethics relevant to the industry. One of the key guideline adopted among the developed economies is the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism and Hospitality Sector among the European countries. In Australia, the hotel sector is required to adhere to policies that guarantee effectiveness and ethics based on the interaction with the stakeholders. The Australian hotel investors are therefore required to ensure that the customer satisfaction is effective through efficient service and safety operations, employees are satisfied through the safe working environment, and that the suppliers and shareholders are contented through sustainable engagements. Worth pointing out is that the relationship between the management and the employees in the hotel sector in the country are bound to requirements such as privacy, confidentiality, employee rights and privileges, safety and health, and fair compensation. The Australian Hotels Association has been instrumental in assisting the investors to adhere to the set standards and measures as described in the National Policy Industrial Relation codes. The organization plays a critical role in policy implementation in the country. Therefore, AHA plays a crucial role in developing, encouraging, and ensuring fair workplace relations that do not exploit employees (AHA, 2015). Moreover, the association protects the needs and interests of investors in the sector against unhealthy regulations. Scholarly Review Baum and the colleagues from major European countries (2016) carried out a thematic analysis of the correlation between sustainability needs based on the United Nations targets and the tourism and hospitality workforce. The scholars evaluated how the need for sustainable workforce and human resource practices in the hotel sector in the main countries such as Korea, China, Scotland, Australia, Malaysia, and New Zealand has been a dimension of the economy that has been neglected over the years (Baum et al., 2016). The researchers pointed out how the hotel sector employees are vulnerable to human resource malpractices. Worth revisiting is that the employees in the hotel sector across the globe have been facing staffing challenges such as the poor working environment, lack of concern for gender and minority groups, overdependence on seasonal jobs, lack of established career structure, escalated labor turnover, and low work status (Wood, 1997; Lucas and Deery, 2004; Baum, 2007; Baum, 2015; Kusluvan et al., 2010; Baum et al., 2016b). The factors identified in the research had also been documented in other analysis specific to different countries. The level of implementation of the intervention mechanisms to guarantee sustainable human resource practice in the hotel sector has been contrary to the increasing challenges as noted in Australia and Scotland (Solnet et al., 2014). Moreover, Nankervis (1993) examined the factors that are critical in enhancing the level of productivity in the Australian hotel sector. The study looked at the role of human resource management in improving the output of the industry. The research revealed that several factors have contributed to the inability of the sector to enhance the performance of the economy. Some of the identified shortcomings were market instability, oversupply accommodation, and human resource practices that limited employee productivity. Other factors such as gender imbalance and poor working environment also featured as elements of a degrading human resource management approach (Nankervis, 1993). On the other hand, Poulston (2008) reviewed the working conditions of an employee in the hospitality sector. The study was based on the views of employees regarding their dissatisfaction levels. The evaluation process included the exploration of the hotel workplaces with the objective of determining the unfair practices, unethical activities, and illegal dealing and process that jeopardize the working environment. The study revealed how most hotels did not prioritize the hygiene factor for employee safety and health. The scholar also showed, based on qualitative analysis, how motivational interventions have little influence on performance and commitment of employees whenever their health and safety are at risk (Poulston, 2008). Furthermore, Paulston (2010) also examined the implication of ethics in commercial hospitality based on the contribution and responsibility of the hotel managers in ensuring ethical standards. The research included the evaluation of the ethical problems associated with the hotel sector in the country. The study identified poor pay, unsafe working environment, sexual abuse among female staff, neglect, and lack of motivation as part of the unethical human resource practices that are overlooked in the hospitality sector across major economies such as Australia, New Zealand, Korea, and China (Paulston, 2010). The study concluded that the managers are aware of the unethical practices but are reluctant to take corrective measures. Critical Review and Emerging Trends The above studies have provided analytical details regarding the level of ethical practices in the hospitality sector. The studies have shown how the human resource approach in the hotel industry has been associated with several unethical practices. The working environment has been characterized by poor measures to encourage employee productivity. However, the level of implementation of the ethical practices differs based on the scale of operation of the hotels. Depending on the nature of the hotel sector in Australia, organizations can be classified into small scale and large scale enterprises. Most of the organizations operating on limited capital and market coverage find it a challenge to adhere to staffing ethics because of the cost of operation. Such tendencies encourage the increase in unethical behaviors. Moreover, in line with the qualitative analysis of the scholarly publications, business operating on high capital of investment such as the five-star hotels have the capacity to incorporate modern employee management practices that improve the working environment and the rate of turnover relevant to the targeted output. On the other hand, the existence of ethical malpractice in the sector can be linked to the nature of recruitment and retention associated with the organizations approach to human resource management. The research evaluation pointed the high number of female employees. The rate of discrimination and harassment is, therefore, a common phenomenon. Moreover, some of the organization have resorted to employing students through the work-study programs. The part-time employment of college students has encouraged the development of unethical practices such as poor remuneration, limited employee development approaches, and abuse of workers rights and privileges. Furthermore, most firms have inclined towards the hiring of semi-skilled workers based on the lower level of pay they will demand as opposed to trained professionals. The variability is seen for most small-scale hotels when compared to the five-star investments. Therefore, the possibility of unethical practices being advanced towards the uninformed workforce is high. Such tendencies are encouraged by the existence of poor sensitization programs within the working structure, which promote the prevalence of unethical staffing practices. There is a need for a comprehensive work structure to ensure that the employees are aware of their rights and privileges to understand their working environment and contribute towards safety, health, and development of workers and the organization. Furthermore, Paulstons studies in 2008 and 2010 pointed out the effect of human resource management approach. The conclusion of the survey showed that the administrators and managers have the tendency to neglect the implementation of corrective measures regardless of being aware of the unethical human resource practices. Factors such as the cost of implementation especially for small hotels as well as the perception of employees as a liability rather than an asset has encouraged such inclinations (Poulston, 2008; Poulston, 2010). However, the studies did not point to the negligence of the employees regarding the prevalence of unethical staffing practices in the hotel sector. The study only looked at the contribution of the manager in advancing the ethical malpractices. Employees may consider working in hostile environment whenever the option of leaving the job or raising the concerns regarding their experiences may jeopardize their job security. Such possibilities could also emanate from the lack of qualifications to seek alternative opportunities. Therefore, employees may choose to persevere the conditions, which is a situation the management can take advantage and neglect implementing transformational changes to improve working conditions. Such tendencies could explain the increasing hiring of college students and existence of part-time jobs in the sector as a measure to cut down the cost of operation. Conclusion In conclusion, the Australian hotel sector is one of the advanced hospitality industries in the world. The sector contributes to the economy development through employment and revenue generation. The existence of regulations regarding the framework of operation in the hotel sector is meant to ensure that the activities and the interaction between the business and the stakeholders are based on ethical standards. However, the Australian hospitality industry is associated with staffing malpractices that are against the employee-business guidelines. Although the five-star hotels and others operating on significant capital and serving extended size of the market have adhered to the required standards, some small hotels employ students and refer part-time employment as opposed to job security for the hired workers. Nevertheless, based on the reviewed studies, it is the responsibility of both the employees and the employer to ensure that the required working environment and productive relat ionships are established. The Australian Hotel Association has been keen in bridging the gap between the delivery of service and compliance with the set regulations and standards of human resource management. The organization ensures that the member hotels attain their profitability as well as achieve excellent employee satisfaction. References AHA, 2010. More than just a drink and flutter: An Overview of The Australian Hotels Industry April 2009. Available at: https://aha.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/PWC-Hotel-Industry-Report-20092.pdf AHA, 2015. Policy Statement Industrial Relations. Available at: https://aha.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/AHA-National-Policy-Industrial-Relations.pdf Baum, T., 2007. Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change. Tour. Manag. Vol. 28, pp. 13831399. Baum, T., 2015. Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change - A 2015 reprise. Tour. Manag. Vol. 50, pp. 204212. Baum, T., Cheung, C., Haiyan Kong. H., Kralj, A., and Mooney, S., 2016a. Sustainability and the Tourism and Hospitality Workforce: A Thematic Analysis. Sustainability, Vol. 8, p. 809. Available at: www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Baum, T., Kralj, A., Robinson, R., and Solnet, D., 2016b. Tourism workforce research: A review, taxonomy and agenda. Ann. Tour. Res. Vol. 60, pp. 122. Kusluvan, S., Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I., and Buyruk, L., 2010. The human dimension: A review of human resource management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry. Cornell Hosp. Quart. Vol. 51, pp. 171214. Lucas, R. and Deery, M., 2004. Significant developments and emerging issues in human resource management. Int. J. Hosp. Manag. Vol. 23, pp. 459472. Nankervis, A. R., 1990. Servants or Service: Perspectives of the Australian Hotel Industry,Working Paper No. 73, August, School of Business, University of Western Sydney: Sydney. Nankervis, A. R., 1993. Enhancing Productivity in the Australian Hotel Industry: The Role of Human Resource Management,Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 1(1), 17-39. Poulston, J. M., 2008. Working conditions in hospitality: Employees views of the dissatisfactory hygiene factors. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism, Vol. 10, Iss. 1., pp. 23 43. Poulston, J. M., 2010. Ethics in commercial hospitality. Workshop working papers, Paper number 10292, CAUTHE. Available at: https://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/1605/CAUTHE.03.pdf?sequence=6 Solnet, D., Nickson, D., Robinson, R., Kralj, A., and Baum, T., 2014. Discourse about workforce development in tourism - An analysis of public policy, planning, and implementation in Australia and Scotland: Hot air or making a difference? Tour. Anal. Vol. 19, pp. 609623. Wood, R., 1997. Working in Hotels and Catering, 2nd ed.; International Thomson: London, UK.

Overview of the Netherlands Economy

Introduction The Netherlands is one of the states forming the European Union. It is exhibiting economic growth and stability due to foreign trade. In the European Union, the Netherlands ranks 5th in economic status and development because it has stable industrial development, minimal inflation, low unemployment rates, considerable surplus in trade, and it plays a central role in transportation in Europe. The Netherlands has well established industries in petroleum refining, chemicals manufacturing, food processing, and electrical machinery.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Overview of the Netherlands’ Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These industries contribute significantly to economic growth and development in the country. Moreover, the Netherlands depends on agriculture as an economic activity that contributes significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP). According to Organization for Econom ic Corporation and Development (OEDC), mechanization in the agricultural sector enables the Netherlands to employ about 2.5 per cent of labor force and generates surplus products for exports (9). With the population of approximately 16 million, the Netherlands has the potential to sustain its economic growth amidst intermittent global economic crises. In a bid to enhance understanding of the Netherlands’ economy, this essay provides an overview in aspects such as GDP growth, inflation trends, unemployment rates, major industries, exports versus imports, and trading partners. GDP Growth Over the last few decades, the GDP of the Netherlands has been fluctuating in response to prevailing conditions of the world economy. The Netherlands is very sensitive to the world economy because it relies mainly on trade, which is subject to international factors of trading. In 1970s and 1980s, the Netherlands experienced economic crisis that slowed its GDP growth and caused economic stagnati on. In response to the economic crisis, the government put appropriate measures in place to reduce the impact of global economic crisis. â€Å"Emerging from deep recession and high unemployment in the early 1980s, the economy shifted to a pace of growth more rapid than that in neighboring economies, and posted a rise in employment close to that in the United States† (Bakker, Halikias, Martijn, and Watson 1936). The outstanding economic performance occurred due to policy reforms, which tighten public expenditure, enhance fiscal regulation, and control labor markets. Since 1988, the GDP of the Netherlands showed an average growth rate of 0.6 per cent, while peaking during 1996 to 2 percent. In the 21th century, the GDP growth rate stagnated at below 1.0 per cent and experienced growth rate of -2.2 per cent in March 2009. The negative growth rate of the GDP occurred due to global economic crisis of 2008, which shook the world markets tremendously. As the Netherlands relies on fo reign trade, global economic crises have considerable impact on its economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The European Commission posits, â€Å"In the second half of 2011, the Dutch economy experienced a sharp downturn, recording negative q-o-q growth of 0.4 per cent in the third quarter and 0.7 per cent in the fourth quarter† (31). The sharp decrease in the GDP growth rate in 2011 implies that the Netherlands is battling with impacts of recession on the economy. In 2012, the Netherlands’ economy still experienced negative GPD growth rate due to reduction in consumer confidence. Projections show that the GDP is going to increase gradually due to measures that the government has put in place to cushion itself from global economic crises. The government has carried out reforms in sectors such as labor markets, consumer markets, fiscal sector, agricultural sect or, tourism, and manufacturing industries to boost its GDP growth in the coming years. â€Å"The economy has benefited from globalization via stronger international trade and higher foreign direct investment† (OECD 8). Globalization compels companies to look for new markets while becoming innovative in production of new products. Additionally, regulation of fiscal markets has a significant impact in improving the stability of an economy against turbulent global economic dynamics, which experience periodic recessions. Therefore, projections show that the Netherlands GDP will grow gradually and by 2015, it should be having a growth rate of about 2 per cent, the way it peaked in 1996. Inflation The economy of the Netherlands has experienced marked inflations during the past decade. The trends of inflation have been in tandem with global inflation driven by the variation in oil prices. In 2001, the inflation rates increased to about 9 per cent and then decreased to about 3 per ce nt in 2008. Fluctuations in inflation rates have considerable impact in the economic growth and development because they affect the stability of an economy despite the fact that necessary fiscal measures are in place to check variation. Owing to the global economic crisis of 2008, the Netherlands continued to experience its impacts as reflected in the 2011 inflation. In response to the global economic crisis, â€Å"domestic demand slowed as business investments were scaled back and private consumption declined†¦inflation edged up under the influence of higher energy prices, reaching 2.5 per cent in early 2012† (OECD 9). Increase in oil prices causes considerable inflation because the Netherlands depends on petroleum products as a source of energy in transport and manufacturing industries. Projections indicate that inflation rates are going to decline and stabilize following reforms that the government has initiated. Regulation of consumer markets, enhancement of internat ional trade, and stabilization of oil prices are some of the reforms that will reduce and stabilize inflation rates at normal levels, which are in tandem with the European Union states.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Overview of the Netherlands’ Economy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The European Commission notes, â€Å"Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) inflation is expected to decline in 2011 to 2.0 per cent on average in 2012, mainly as a result of subdued domestic demand† (31). As the Netherlands is encroaching into world markets and gaining large market share, predictions show that inflation rates will decline and stabilize for many years, unless global economic crises shake the markets and cause destabilization again as experienced in 2008. Unemployment Economic stability that the Netherlands experienced in the past decades has enabled it to reduce the rate of unemployment. Across Europe, the Netherlands prides in having one of the lowest employment rates in the late 20th century. As Bakker, Halikias, Martijn, and Watson point out, â€Å"Emerging from deep recession and high unemployment in the early 1980s, the economy shifted to a pace of growth more rapid than in the neighboring economies, and posted a rise in employment close to that in the United States† (1936). Owing to economic growth that stabilized over a long period, the Netherlands has been in apposition to create more job opportunities, which lead to a significant decline in unemployment rates in the late 20th century. Currently, the Netherlands has the highest employment rates given that the economy is stable and is growing gradually in spite of economic challenges that threaten it growth. OECD notes, â€Å"The Dutch labor market has been one of the strongest in the OECD, characterized by low unemployment and high employment rates† (28). Moreover, the labor market shows participation rate of 75 per cent by female workers, thus making the Netherlands to rank 9th in the OECD in female participation in labor force. Projections indicate that the labor market will reap significant benefits in the global labor markets due to globalization factors that seem to favor the Netherlands. Major Industries Transportation and agricultural industries dominate the industrial sector of the Netherlands. In the transport industry, the country has an extensive system of transport on the sea and land. Rotterdam, the largest seaport in Europe, provides massive transport of goods in and out of Europe through the sea. Rotterdam is a gateway to the European continent given that a significant amount of goods both exports and imports pass through the seaport. It has the capacity to hold cargo of about 430 million tons per year, thus contributing to the development of trade and shipping industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, rail and road transport has developed to Rotterdam, which has opened Europe for entry and exit of goods. In transportation, â€Å"containers mainly go by road transport (57 per cent), followed by inland shipping (33 per cent), and rail transport (10 per cent), which indicates the Netherlands has elaborate transport network† (OECD 45). Thus, European countries depend on the Netherlands’ transport system in exporting and importing goods through Rotterdam. Agricultural industry is one of the largest industries in the Netherlands. The agricultural sector has a significant contribution to the GDP because it provides raw materials to the food processing industries, and consequently increases exports. Additionally, the petroleum industry has marked impact on the economic growth and development because it provides energy to industries and generates petroleum products for exports. Smidt and Wever assert that the petroleum industry has great significance to economic gr owth and development because it is under the influence of international fuel prices, which change intermittently in response to global market prices (21). Currently, the Netherlands is technically a hub of oil and natural gas, where energy industries across the world converge and transact their businesses. Exports and Imports The Netherlands has reaped considerable benefits from exports of goods in its major industries such as agriculture, petroleum refining, food industries, and transport industry. OECD notes, â€Å"The Dutch export market performance has been relatively good with an overall gain in the export market shares over the past decades, in contrast to the falling export market shares experienced in many other OECD countries† (14). The seaport of Rotterdam positions the Netherlands strategically in the world markets thus allowing it to export its goods and services conveniently. In the aspect of imports, the Netherlands benefits from cheap goods and services that em anate from developing countries, which have emerging economies. The Netherlands imports goods such as crude oil, natural gas, pharmaceutical products, chemicals, clothing, and machineries (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 1). Since the Netherlands has fewer imports than exports, its GDP has been growing gradually, except in times of economic crises caused by escalating oil prices. Therefore, economic growth and development hinges on the major export products that leading industries produce in the Netherlands. Trading Partners Major trading partners of the Netherlands are Belgium, the United States, China, Australia, France, and Japan. The major products that the Netherlands exports to these trading partners include machinery, petroleum products, processed foodstuffs, chemicals, and electronics. In contrast, the major goods that its partners trade in include clothing, crude petroleum, pharmaceutical products, machinery, and foodstuffs. In the multilateral relationships, the Ne therlands has made significant economic gains. Oosterbaan and Windt state that openness to international markets is a considerable factor that determines economic growth and development of a nation (31). In this view, many trading partners have enabled the Netherlands to improve its economy through international trade. Assessment of Economic Prospects Evidently, the Netherlands is exhibiting stable economic growth and development because the government has made significant economic reforms. The economic reforms aim at stabilizing labor markets, expanding international market share, regulating fiscal markets, and enhancing multilateral relationships. Moreover, the strategic location of the Netherlands in Europe enables it to link up with many countries, and thus it is a business hub in Europe. Since the Netherlands has elaborate transport system, it serves the entire Europe by connecting it to international markets. Specifically, the seaport of Rotterdam plays a central role in stimu lating economic growth in the Netherlands because it allows the passage of imported and exported goods. The development of international trade is majorly a consequence of Rotterdam because it accommodates about 430 tons of cargo annually. Conclusion The Netherlands has a relatively stable economy when compared to other European states as it ranks 5th in economic growth and development. Minimal inflation rates, low unemployment rates, high GDP growth rate, and stable industrial development characterize the economy of the Netherlands. The country has well established industries in agriculture, petroleum refining, chemicals manufacturing, food processing, and electrical machinery. The industries have enabled the country to generate high innovative products for exports, which have contributed to increased GDP, and consequently economic growth. Trading partners such as Germany, the United States, China, Japan, France, and Australia have enabled the country to enhance its international li nks, which are essential in trading. Overall, projections show that the economy of the Netherlands will continue to increase in the coming years due to economic reforms that the government has undertaken. Works Cited Bakker, Bas, Ioannis Halikias, Jan Martijn, and Maxwell Watson. The Netherlands:  Transforming a market economy, New York: International Monetary Fund, 1999. Print. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2011, The Netherlands: Facts Sheet. PDF File. Web. European Commission 2012, Interim Forecast: Economic and Financial Affairs. PDF File. Web. OECD. OECD Economic Surveys: Netherlands 2012. London: OECD Publishing. 2012. Print. Oosterbaan, Maaike, and Nico Windt. The determinants of economic growth, New York: Springer, 2000. Print. Smidt, Marc, and Egbert Wever. An industrial geography of the Netherlands: An  International perspective, London: Taylor Francis, 1990. Print. This essay on Overview of the Netherlands’ Economy was written and submitted by user Legend Sanford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Best Essay Topics to Write Your Essay On

Best Essay Topics to Write Your Essay OnIf you have a wish list of topics to write your essay on, then you will likely want to go with the classic topics like 'the history of American soldiers,' 'the history of American women,' and the more contemporary topics like 'the housing market'hunger in America.' Those are the areas that seem to have a lot of intrigue attached to them and that is certainly a possibility when you put some thought into them.I would say that the best topic to write an essay on is the one that has a strong connection to your interests. Many people write essays just because they want to; but if you have something to say, why not just write it down and let yourself be creative? The problem is that a lot of people who start out with this technique end up with an essay that is not interesting.These essay topics that you choose should actually flow well together. This is why I recommend that you first put together a list of your interests and then begin your brainstor ming. Do not worry too much about making sure that your topic is diverse; after all, there is no point in writing an essay if it is just about you. You need to keep in mind that once you find your interest, you will want to let yourself be creative when creating your essay.The other thing to keep in mind when you are picking essay topics is that it may be difficult to find out what kinds of topics are popular. For example, you can look at newspapers or magazines to see what subjects are getting the most attention. A good way to narrow down your choices is to ask yourself what kinds of topics tend to get the most mentions online.These potential essay topics may not be familiar to you, but they are important for you to choose. You may have already read and heard many people talking about these topics, so you know that they are not necessarily boring. You might even have your own stories, experiences, or thoughts about the subject, so this could be a good starting point.Most importantl y, make sure that your essay topics do not contain information that is confidential. People who are writing papers for school often do not have very much time to really cover up the details of their lives. When you choose your essay topics, make sure that you cover all the necessary information that you need for the assignment.Also, make sure that you actually get your essay topics completed before you start the assignment. This is usually a sign that you are too busy to do the writing; this is another reason why you might not want to use your favorite topic.

Facts About the Solar System

Facts About the Solar System Welcome to the solar system! This is where youll find the Sun, the planets, and humanitys sole home in the Milky Way Galaxy. It contains planets, moons, comets, asteroids, one star, and worlds with ring systems. Although astronomers and skygazers have observed other solar system objects in the sky since the dawn of human history, it has only been in the past half-century that theyve been able to explore them more directly with spacecraft. Historical Views of the Solar System Long before astronomers could use telescopes to look at objects in the sky, people thought that the planets were simply wandering stars. They had no concept of an organized system of worlds orbiting the Sun. All they knew were that some objects followed regular paths against the backdrop of the stars. At first, they thought these things were gods or some other supernatural beings. Then, they decided that those motions had some effect on human lives. With the advent of scientific observations of the sky, those ideas vanished.   The first astronomer to look at another planet with a telescope was Galileo Galilei. His observations changed humanitys view of our place in space. Soon, many other men and women were studying the planets, their moons, asteroids, and comets with scientific interest. Today that continues, and there are currently spacecraft doing many solar system studies. So, what else have astronomers and planetary scientists learned about the solar system?   Solar System Insights A journey through the solar system introduces us to the Sun, which is our nearest star. It contains an amazing 99.8 percent of the mass of the solar system. The planet Jupiter is the next most-massive object and it comprises two and a half times the mass of all the other planets combined. The four inner planets- tiny, cratered Mercury, cloud-shrouded Venus (sometimes called Earths Twin), temperate and watery Earth (our home), and reddish Mars- are called the terrestrial or rocky planets. Jupiter, ringed Saturn, mysterious blue Uranus, and distant Neptune  are called gas giants. Uranus and Neptune are so cold and contain a great deal of icy material, and are often called the ice giants.   The solar system has five known dwarf planets. They are called Pluto, Ceres, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris. The New Horizons mission explored Pluto on July 14, 2015, and is on its way out to visit a small object called 2014 MU69. At least one and possibly two other dwarf planets exist in the outer reaches of the solar system, although we do not have detailed images of them. There are probably at least 200 more dwarf planets in a region of the solar system called the Kuiper Belt (Pronounced KYE-per Belt.) The Kuiper Belt extends out from the orbit of Neptune and is the realm of the most distant worlds known to exist in the solar system. It is very distant and its objects are likely icy and frozen. The outermost region of the solar system is called the Oort Cloud. It probably has no large worlds but does contain chunks of ice that become comets when they orbit very close to the Sun. The Asteroid Belt is a region of space that lies between Mars and Jupiter. It is populated with chunks of rocks ranging from small boulders up to the size of a big city. These asteroids are left over from the formation of the planets.   There are moons throughout the solar system. The only planets that do NOT have moons are Mercury and Venus. Earth has one, Mars has two, Jupiter has dozens, as do Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Some of the moons of the outer solar system are frozen worlds with watery oceans beneath the ice on their surfaces.   The only planets with rings that we know of are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. However, at least one asteroid called Chariklo also has a ring and planetary scientists recently discovered a tenuous ring around the dwarf planet Haumea.   The Origin and Evolution of the Solar System Everything that astronomers learn about solar system bodies helps them understand the origin and evolution of the Sun and planets. We know they  formed about 4.5 billion years ago. Their birthplace was a cloud of gas and dust that slowly contracted to make the Sun, followed by the planets. The comets and asteroids are often considered the leftovers of the birth of the planets.   What astronomers know about the Sun tells us that it will not last forever. Some five billion years from now, it will expand and engulf some of the planets. Eventually, it will shrink down, leaving behind a very changed solar system from the one we know of today.