Blood Pressure Regulation - 1269 Words

Blood pressure regulation and changes occurring after increase in blood pressure Each time the heart pumps, it sends blood all over the body to supply organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients. The strength of the force created as the heart pumps blood into the vessels together with the vessels’ resistance to the blood flow is defined as the body’s blood pressure (Darovic, 2002). A normal range blood pressure (BP) must be between 100-130mmHg systolic (when the heart is beating) and 60-90mmHg diastolic pressure (between heart beats) (Sherwood, 1997). Many factors can change blood pressure, including exercise and diet. The regulation of BP within the body is tightly maintained by nerves, hormones and renal control in relation to three†¦show more content†¦These signal messengers will rapidly communicate with the autonomic neural system, in order to decrease sympathetic influence on the heart and blood vessels and increase parasympathetic activity, so that mean arterial blood pressure returns to its normal. By releasing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach), parasympathetic nerves will decrease the frequency of the action potentials of the sinoatrial (SA) and the atrioventricular (AV) nodes, found in the heart. This mechanism will decrease cardiac output by reducing the number of heart beats and the organ’s force of contractions (Milnor, 1990). Parasympathetic activity will also expand vessels, decreasing their resistance to blood flow and therefore decreasing total peripheral resistance. As veins get wider, they will retain blood causing a reduction in venous return to the heart. Decreased amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (period between contractions of the heart) will consequently decrease cardiac output and blood pressure (Constanzo, 2012). Electrolytes such as sodium and chloride are essential as they help to maintain body’s water balance. However, excessive dietary intake of salt increases the amount of water retained by the body and as a result increases blood volume (Thomas and Bishop, 2007). When the heart senses the rise in blood volume, atrial and brain-type natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) are synthesized and released. TheShow MoreRelatedBlood Pressure Regulation By Christopher B. Evans2294 Words   |  10 PagesBlood Pressure Regulation Christopher B. Evans AHPH-545, Salisbury University Introduction Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels and usually refers to the arterial pressure of the systemic circulation. Blood pressure is routinely regulated in order to direct appropriate amounts of nutrients and oxygen to specific tissue types. For example, when exercise requires additional supplies of oxygen to skeletal muscles, blood flowRead MoreMedical Case Study1511 Words   |  7 Pagespresented in the ED with a history of chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitis type 2, aortic valve stenosis and shortness of breath. He states that he cannot catch his breath and has constant burning chest discomfort for one week without substernal chest pressure. He reports coughing with production of sputum and denies having these symptoms before. He does drink alcohol (including today) and admitted to drug use (marijuana). He developed worsening respiratory distress in the ED and was placed on a BipapRead MoreThe Physiological Effects of Ren ovascular Hypertension (Renal Hypertension) on the Body1673 Words   |  7 Pageshypertension, is a condition in which chronically elevated high blood pressure is caused by a narrowing of the renal arteries. The renal arteries are the arteries that bring blood to the kidneys (9). This blood is processed by which the kidneys filter the blood, removing some substances and sometimes adding others. The kidneys also have several functions, which can be negatively affected by renovascular hypertension. One function is the regulation of water and ion balances within the body. In order to doRead MoreCase Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1323 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic health condition associated with high concentrations of glucose in the blood and urine. The effective function of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems is essential in the control, communication and movement of the body. Cindy Openshaw’s case of Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a negative influence of the successful function nervous and musculoskeletal systems. In regards to Cindy Openshaw, the functioning of her nervous and musculoskeletal systems willRead MoreAn Individual’S Health Is Dependent Not Only On The Behavioral1330 Words   |  6 Pagesimplementation of health interventions were smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.15 It is important to note, however, that while the Finnish people did display a high risk for CVD based on a few key risk factors, they did not exhibit other risk factors for the condition, such as inactivity or obesity.9 The aforementioned immediate risk factors prevalent within Finland were strongl y correlated to the lack of smoking regulations and influence from the powerful diary industry in the countryRead MoreChronic Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure And Risk For Development Of Coronary Heart Disease1469 Words   |  6 PagesBackground information Heart rate is defined as the number of contractions the heart carries out in one minute. Blood pressure has two measurements: systolic blood pressure, or the pressure exerted on the artery walls during cardiac systole, and diastolic blood pressure, or the pressure exerted on the artery walls during cardiac diastole (American Heart Association, 2014). Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg, whereas heart rate is measured using aRead MoreLiterature Review : High Blood Pressure1107 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review High blood pressure, also known as Hypertension (HTN), is the most predominant culprit to global morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence varies with age, race, lifestyle, family history, obesity, stress, environment and certain chronic conditions. Although there is a decrement cases noted over the last decades, the prevalence in children and older adults has significantly increased in both developed and developing countries, hence, constitute an alarming public health concernRead MoreTypes Of Hypertension And Secondary Hypertension1434 Words   |  6 PagesPathophysiology The amount of blood the heart pumps and the amount of resistance the arteries have to blood flow determines the blood pressure. High blood pressure results when the heart pumps more blood through narrowing arteries. There are many physiological mechanisms involved in maintaining a normal blood pressure, and the upset of any of these mechanisms may play a role in the development of hypertension (Beevers, Lip, O’Brien, 2001). Normal blood pressure for adults is a systolic readingRead MoreA Vasoplegic Syndrome Case997 Words   |  4 Pagesinvasive blood pressure and central venous pressure monitoring. Patient had an uneventful intraoperative course till about 3hrs into the intraoperative period when a gradual fall in blood pressure to 60/40 mmHg was noted despite central venous pressure being maintained between 10-14cmH2O and only about 300ml of operative blood loss. The reduction in systolic pressure did not respond to crystalloid fluid boluses. Hence a decision was made to start dopamine and noradrenaline. Blood pressure did notRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Hypertension1599 Words   |  7 Pagesbody alike. Hypertension occurs when an individual has abnormally and excessively high blood pressure, in which stress is highly related to. High blood pressure can be perilous because it makes the heart work even harder in order to pump blood into your body, which ultimately leads to heart failure or other illnesses such as kidney disease and strokes. Approximately 29% of Americans suffer from high blood pressure; alluding to one in three adults having hypertension. A possible explanation as to why